码厩技术博客

#453 Kodi 智能电视平台

了解一下现在热门的智能电视方案 Kodi。

Android TV、Boxee、火狐操作系统、Frog、谷歌电视、Horizon TV、httvLink,、Inview、Kodi Entertainment Center、MeeGo、Mediaroom,、OpenTV,、Opera TV,、Plex,、Roku,、RDK(Reference Development Kit)、智能电视联盟（英文原文：Smart TV Alliance）, ToFu Media Platform,、Ubuntu TV以及雅虎智能电视这些平台均由私立机构进行管理。混合广播宽带电视（HbbTV）由混合广播宽带电视协会（英文原文：Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV association）、CE-HTML是 面向消费类电子产品的网络（英文缩写：Web4CE）的一部分、开放互联网电视论坛（英文缩写：OIPF，英文全称：Open IPTV Forum）是混合广播宽带电视的一部分，还有Tru2way商业化的软件开发平台。

Kodi

https://kodi.tv/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodi_(software)

官网上的定位是 The ultimate entertainment center, 终极娱乐中心。

2002 Xbox Media Player
2004 Xbox Media Center (XBMC)
2008 XBMC 放弃了对 Xbox 的支持
2014 Kodi (从 v14 开始)，因为定位已经改成娱乐中心，不再局限于媒体播放，此外，还有商标方面的问题。

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software_based_on_Kodi_and_XBMC

• OpenELEC: Open Embedded Linux Entertainment Center
  2017 年之后就没有更新了，主要开发者早已陆续转入了 LibreELEC 项目
• LibreELEC
• CoreELEC

其他的产品

Android TV
Apple TV
Amazon Fire TV: 基于 Android TV
Roku OS
SambaTV
三星Tizen
LG WebOS
Panasonic My Home Screen: 基于 Firefox OS

又看到一个项目：
https://plasma-bigscreen.org/zh-cn/

#452 Golang make

m := make(map[string]int, 5)

发现 len(m) = 0 之后我觉得有必要重新复习一下 make 函数了。

make 的作用：分配内存，初始化，返回值（不是指针）。
PS：返回值的说明：返回的是这三种引用类型本身（指针），而不是指向这三个引用的指针。
PS：new 就会返回指针。还有，new 不限类型，不初始化。

1. slice -> len, cap
2. map -> 预留大约 n 个元素的空间（具体分配空间的规则不清楚）
3. chan -> buffer size

The built-in function make takes a type T, which must be a slice, map or channel type, optionally followed by a type-specific list of expressions. It returns a value of type T (not *T). The memory is initialized as described in the section on initial values.

Call             Type T     Result

make(T, n)       slice      slice of type T with length n and capacity n
make(T, n, m)    slice      slice of type T with length n and capacity m

make(T)          map        map of type T
make(T, n)       map        map of type T with initial space for approximately n elements

make(T)          channel    unbuffered channel of type T
make(T, n)       channel    buffered channel of type T, buffer size n

Each of the size arguments n and m must be of integer type or an untyped constant. A constant size argument must be non-negative and representable by a value of type int; if it is an untyped constant it is given type int. If both n and m are provided and are constant, then n must be no larger than m. If n is negative or larger than m at run time, a run-time panic occurs.

s := make([]int, 10, 100)       // slice with len(s) == 10, cap(s) == 100
s := make([]int, 1e3)           // slice with len(s) == cap(s) == 1000
s := make([]int, 1<<63)         // illegal: len(s) is not representable by a value of type int
s := make([]int, 10, 0)         // illegal: len(s) > cap(s)
c := make(chan int, 10)         // channel with a buffer size of 10
m := make(map[string]int, 100)  // map with initial space for approximately 100 elements

Calling make with a map type and size hint n will create a map with initial space to hold n map elements. The precise behavior is implementation-dependent.

#451 Nginx 版本

Nginx Release History

参考: https://nginx.org/en/CHANGES-1.20

#450 Golang: 命令行参数解析（flag）

Go 自带 flag 包，可以用于解析命令行参数。但用起来非常繁琐，更谈不上优雅，远不如 Python 的 argparse 包简洁明了，易于使用。

语法

类型

• flag.Flag
• flag.FlagSet
• flag.Getter
• flag.Value

方法

func Bool(name string, value bool, usage string) *bool
func BoolVar(p *bool, name string, value bool, usage string)

func Duration(name string, value time.Duration, usage string) *time.Duration
func DurationVar(p *time.Duration, name string, value time.Duration, usage string)

func Float64(name string, value float64, usage string) *float64
func Float64Var(p *float64, name string, value float64, usage string)

func Func(name, usage string, fn func(string) error)

func Int(name string, value int, usage string) *int
func IntVar(p *int, name string, value int, usage string)

func Int64(name string, value int64, usage string) *int64
func Int64Var(p *int64, name string, value int64, usage string)

func String(name string, value string, usage string) *string
func StringVar(p *string, name string, value string, usage string)

func Uint(name string, value uint, usage string) *uint
func UintVar(p *uint, name string, value uint, usage string)

func Uint64(name string, value uint64, usage string) *uint64
func Uint64Var(p *uint64, name string, value uint64, usage string)

func Var(value Value, name string, usage string)

1. 带 Var 结尾的方法表示将值绑定到一个变量上。

func Arg(i int) string  // i-th argument
func Args() []string    // non-flag arguments

func NArg() int         // number of arguments remaining after flags have been processed
func NFlag() int        // number of command-line flags that have been set

func Parse()
func Parsed() bool
func Set(name, value string) error

func PrintDefaults()    // 帮助信息
func UnquoteUsage(flag *Flag) (name string, usage string)  // 返回 flag 的名称和用法

func Visit(fn func(*Flag))
func VisitAll(fn func(*Flag))

type ErrorHandling

FlagSet

func NewFlagSet(name string, errorHandling ErrorHandling) *FlagSet

上面的方法 FlagSet 也都有一份。

示例：Todo

package main

import (
    "flag"
    "fmt"
)

var (
    addFlag       = flag.String("add", "", "Add a new task")
    listFlag      = flag.Bool("list", false, "List all tasks")
    removeFlag    = flag.Int("remove", -1, "Remove a task by its index")
    removeAllFlag = flag.Bool("remove-all", false, "Remove all tasks")
    doneFlag      = flag.Int("done", -1, "Mark a task as done by its index")
    undoneFlag    = flag.Int("undone", -1, "Mark a task as undone by its index")
)

func main() {
    flag.Parse()
    args := make(map[string]interface{}, 10)
    args["add"] = *addFlag
    args["list"] = *listFlag
    args["remove"] = *removeFlag
    args["remove"] = *removeAllFlag
    args["done"] = *doneFlag
    args["undone"] = *undoneFlag
    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", args)
    // map[string]interface {}{"add":"", "done":-1, "list":false, "remove":false, "undone":-1}
    fmt.Println("Other arguments:", flag.Args())
    // Other arguments: []
}

参考资料与拓展阅读

• pkg.go.dev, flag package
• https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/619004569

#449 韩信：功臣末路断头颅

听易中天讲韩信（《汉末风云人物》）时说了这句，功臣末路断头颅。我以为是来自古文或古诗，一查，原来来自九十年代一部电视剧的主题曲。

#448 Go 知名项目

按照 stars 排序，就取头部的一些项目分析一下：

1. golang/go
   The Go programming language
   跳过
2. kubernetes/kubernetes
   Production-Grade Container Scheduling and Management
   K8S，跳过
3. avelino/awesome-go
   A curated list of awesome Go frameworks, libraries and software
   一个重要的学习参考。
4. moby/moby
   Moby Project - a collaborative project for the container ecosystem to assemble container-based systems
   Docker，跳过
5. gin-gonic/gin
   Gin is a HTTP web framework written in Go (Golang). It features a Martini-like API with much better performance -- up to 40 times faster. If you need smashing performance, get yourself some Gin.
   Gin，跳过
6. gohugoio/hugo
   The world’s fastest framework for building websites.
   Hugo，知名静态网站生成工具
7. fatedier/frp
   A fast reverse proxy to help you expose a local server behind a NAT or firewall to the internet.
   frp, 知名网络工具
8. syncthing/syncthing
   Open Source Continuous File Synchronization
   知名文件同步工具
9. junegunn/fzf
   :cherry_blossom: A command-line fuzzy finder
   fzf，知名 find 命令替代品
10. prometheus/prometheus
    The Prometheus monitoring system and time series database.
    知名监控平台
11. caddyserver/caddy
    Fast, multi-platform web server with automatic HTTPS
    知名 HTTP 服务器
12. astaxie/build-web-application-with-golang
    A golang ebook intro how to build a web with golang
    《Go Web 编程》
13. gogs/gogs
    Gogs is a painless self-hosted Git service
    知名 Git 服务器
14. etcd-io/etcd
    Distributed reliable key-value store for the most critical data of a distributed system
    知名 KV 存储服务
15. v2ray/v2ray-core
    A platform for building proxies to bypass network restrictions.
    知名网络工具
16. traefik/traefik
    The Cloud Native Application Proxy
    知名代理服务
17. ethereum/go-ethereum
    Official Go implementation of the Ethereum protocol
    知名区块链项目
18. FiloSottile/mkcert
    A simple zero-config tool to make locally trusted development certificates with any names you'd like.
19. minio/minio
    Multi-Cloud Object Storage
20. rclone/rclone
    "rsync for cloud storage" - Google Drive, S3, Dropbox, Backblaze B2, One Drive, Swift, Hubic, Wasabi, Google Cloud Storage, Yandex Files
21. hashicorp/terraform
    Terraform enables you to safely and predictably create, change, and improve infrastructure. It is an open source tool that codifies APIs into declarative configuration files that can be shared amongst team members, treated as code, edited, reviewed, and versioned.
22. wagoodman/dive
    A tool for exploring each layer in a docker image
23. evanw/esbuild
    An extremely fast JavaScript and CSS bundler and minifier
    知名前端构建工具
24. pingcap/tidb
    TiDB is an open-source, cloud-native, distributed, MySQL-Compatible database for elastic scale and real-time analytics. Try free: https://tidbcloud.com/signup
    知名国产数据库
25. istio/istio
    Connect, secure, control, and observe services.
    知名服务网格组件
26. go-gitea/gitea
    Git with a cup of tea, painless self-hosted git service
    知名 Git 服务（gogs fork）
27. unknwon/the-way-to-go_ZH_CN
    《The Way to Go》中文译本，中文正式名《Go 入门指南》
28. cli/cli
    GitHub’s official command line tool
    GitHub 官方命令行工具
29. go-gorm/gorm
    The fantastic ORM library for Golang, aims to be developer friendly
    知名 Go ORM 库
30. beego/beego
    beego is an open-source, high-performance web framework for the Go programming language.
    知名 Go web 框架
31. jesseduffield/lazygit
    simple terminal UI for git commands
    Git 终端界面
32. Dreamacro/clash
    A rule-based tunnel in Go.
    网络工具
33. spf13/cobra
    A Commander for modern Go CLI interactions
34. docker/compose
    Define and run multi-container applications with Docker
35. halfrost/LeetCode-Go
    ✅ Solutions to LeetCode by Go, 100% test coverage, runtime beats 100% / LeetCode 题解
36. harness/drone
    Drone is a Container-Native, Continuous Delivery Platform
    知名 CI/CD 服务
37. hashicorp/consul
    Consul is a distributed, highly available, and data center aware solution to connect and configure applications across dynamic, distributed infrastructure.
    知名服务发现和配置管理服务
38. cockroachdb/cockroach
    CockroachDB - the open source, cloud-native distributed SQL database.
    数据库
39. nektos/act
    Run your GitHub Actions locally 🚀
    开发工具：GitHub Action
40. hashicorp/vault
    A tool for secrets management, encryption as a service, and privileged access management
    安全相关服务
41. kubernetes/minikube
    Run Kubernetes locally
    知名 K8S 项目
42. influxdata/influxdb
    Scalable datastore for metrics, events, and real-time analytics
    知名时序数据库
43. go-kit/kit
    A standard library for microservices.
    微服务框架
44. mattermost/mattermost-server
    Mattermost is an open source platform for secure collaboration across the entire software development lifecycle.
    研发团队协作工具
45. jesseduffield/lazydocker
    The lazier way to manage everything docker
    Docker 管理工具
46. labstack/echo
    High performance, minimalist Go web framework
    知名 HTTP 框架
47. kataras/iris
    The fastest HTTP/2 Go Web Framework. A true successor of expressjs and laravel. Supports AWS Lambda, gRPC, MVC, Unique Router, Websockets, Sessions, Test suite, Dependency Injection and more. Thank you / 谢谢 https://github.com/kataras/iris/issues/1329
    知名 HTTP 框架
48. portainer/portainer
    Making Docker and Kubernetes management easy.
    知名容器管理平台
49. helm/helm
    The Kubernetes Package Manager
    知名 K8S 项目
50. github/hub
    A command-line tool that makes git easier to use with GitHub.
51. inconshreveable/ngrok
    Introspected tunnels to localhost
52. openfaas/faas
    OpenFaaS - Serverless Functions Made Simple
    知名 FaaS 项目
53. ehang-io/nps
    一款轻量级、高性能、功能强大的内网穿透代理服务器。支持 tcp、udp、socks5、http 等几乎所有流量转发，可用来访问内网网站、本地支付接口调试、ssh 访问、远程桌面，内网 dns 解析、内网 socks5 代理等等……，并带有功能强大的 web 管理端。a lightweight, high-performance, powerful intranet penetration proxy server, with a powerful web management terminal.
54. nsqio/nsq
    A realtime distributed messaging platform
    知名 MQ 服务
55. coreybutler/nvm-windows
    A node.js version management utility for Windows. Ironically written in Go.
    开发工具：前端相关
56. photoprism/photoprism
    AI-Powered Photos App for the Decentralized Web 🌈💎✨
    照片管理系统
57. sirupsen/logrus
    Structured, pluggable logging for Go.
    重要的日志库
58. yeasy/docker_practice
    Learn and understand Docker&Container technologies, with real DevOps practice!
    电子书：Docker 技术入门与实战
59. gofiber/fiber
    ⚡️ Express inspired web framework written in Go
    知名 Web 框架
60. k3s-io/k3s
    Lightweight Kubernetes
    知名 K8S 项目
61. tsenart/vegeta
    HTTP load testing tool and library. It's over 9000!
    HTTP 压测工具
62. schollz/croc
    Easily and securely send things from one computer to another :crocodile: :package:
    工具：文件传输
63. zyedidia/micro
    A modern and intuitive terminal-based text editor
    工具：编辑器
64. spf13/viper
    Go configuration with fangs
    配置管理库
65. rancher/rancher
    Complete container management platform
    知名容器管理平台
66. tmrts/go-patterns
    Curated list of Go design patterns, recipes and idioms
    设计模式
67. go-delve/delve
    Delve is a debugger for the Go programming language.
    调试工具
68. urfave/cli
    A simple, fast, and fun package for building command line apps in Go
    命令行库
69. asim/go-micro
    A Go microservices framework
    知名 Go 微服务框架
70. dgraph-io/dgraph
    Native GraphQL Database with graph backend
    GraphQL 数据库（？）
71. dapr/dapr
    Dapr is a portable, event-driven, runtime for building distributed applications across cloud and edge.
    知名微服务平台
72. iawia002/lux
    👾 Fast and simple video download library and CLI tool written in Go
    工具：视频下载
73. go-kratos/kratos
    Your ultimate Go microservices framework for the cloud-native era.
    微服务框架
74. zeromicro/go-zero
    A cloud-native Go microservices framework with cli tool for productivity.
    微服务框架
75. valyala/fasthttp
    Fast HTTP package for Go. Tuned for high performance. Zero memory allocations in hot paths. Up to 10x faster than net/http
    HTTP 库
76. quii/learn-go-with-tests
    Learn Go with test-driven development
    资料：TDD
77. goharbor/harbor
    An open source trusted cloud native registry project that stores, signs, and scans content.
78. gorilla/websocket
    A fast, well-tested and widely used WebSocket implementation for Go.
79. chai2010/advanced-go-programming-book
    :books: 《Go 语言高级编程》开源图书，涵盖 CGO、Go 汇编语言、RPC 实现、Protobuf 插件实现、Web 框架实现、分布式系统等高阶主题(完稿)
80. restic/restic
    Fast, secure, efficient backup program
81. fyne-io/fyne
    Cross platform GUI in Go inspired by Material Design
82. gorilla/mux
    A powerful HTTP router and URL matcher for building Go web servers with 🦍
    知名 HTTP 路由库
83. gocolly/colly
    Elegant Scraper and Crawler Framework for Golang
    爬虫框架
84. yudai/gotty
    Share your terminal as a web application
    终端分享
85. grafana/k6
    A modern load testing tool, using Go and JavaScript - https://k6.io
    测试工具
86. stretchr/testify
    A toolkit with common assertions and mocks that plays nicely with the standard library
87. derailed/k9s
    🐶 Kubernetes CLI To Manage Your Clusters In Style!
    K8S 相关
88. joewalnes/websocketd
    Turn any program that uses STDIN/STDOUT into a WebSocket server. Like inetd, but for WebSockets.
89. matryer/xbar
    Put the output from any script or program into your macOS Menu Bar (the BitBar reboot)
90. grpc/grpc-go
    The Go language implementation of gRPC. HTTP/2 based RPC
91. v2fly/v2ray-core
    A platform for building proxies to bypass network restrictions.
    网络工具
92. grafana/loki
    Like Prometheus, but for logs.
    日志服务
93. filebrowser/filebrowser
    📂 Web File Browser
    Web 项目
94. uber-go/zap
    Blazing fast, structured, leveled logging in Go.
    知名日志库
95. jaegertracing/jaeger
    CNCF Jaeger, a Distributed Tracing Platform
96. buger/goreplay
    GoReplay is an open-source tool for capturing and replaying live HTTP traffic into a test environment in order to continuously test your system with real data. It can be used to increase confidence in code deployments, configuration changes and infrastructure changes.
97. helm/charts
    ⚠️(OBSOLETE) Curated applications for Kubernetes
98. hoanhan101/ultimate-go
    The Ultimate Go Study Guide
99. cloudreve/Cloudreve
    🌩 支持多家云存储的云盘系统 (Self-hosted file management and sharing system, supports multiple storage providers)
100. chrislusf/seaweedfs
     SeaweedFS is a fast distributed storage system for blobs, objects, files, and data lake, for billions of files! Blob store has O(1) disk seek, cloud tiering. Filer supports Cloud Drive, cross-DC active-active replication, Kubernetes, POSIX FUSE mount, S3 API, S3 Gateway, Hadoop, WebDAV, encryption, Erasure Coding.
101. go-redis/redis
     Type-safe Redis client for Golang
102. antonmedv/fx
     Terminal JSON viewer
103. cayleygraph/cayley
     An open-source graph database
104. vitessio/vitess
     Vitess is a database clustering system for horizontal scaling of MySQL.
105. julienschmidt/httprouter
     A high performance HTTP request router that scales well
106. kubernetes/kops
     Kubernetes Operations (kOps) - Production Grade k8s Installation, Upgrades and Management
107. containers/podman
     Podman: A tool for managing OCI containers and pods.
108. hashicorp/packer
     Packer is a tool for creating identical machine images for multiple platforms from a single source configuration.
109. docker-slim/docker-slim
     DockerSlim (docker-slim): Don't change anything in your Docker container image and minify it by up to 30x (and for compiled languages even more) making it secure too! (free and open source)
110. hyperledger/fabric
     Hyperledger Fabric is an enterprise-grade permissioned distributed ledger framework for developing solutions and applications. Its modular and versatile design satisfies a broad range of industry use cases. It offers a unique approach to consensus that enables performance at scale while preserving privacy.
111. ipfs/go-ipfs
     IPFS implementation in Go
112. rakyll/hey
     HTTP load generator, ApacheBench (ab) replacement
113. wtfutil/wtf
     The personal information dashboard for your terminal
114. greyireland/algorithm-pattern
     算法模板，最科学的刷题方式，最快速的刷题路径，你值得拥有~
115. google/cadvisor
     Analyzes resource usage and performance characteristics of running containers.
116. grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway
     gRPC to JSON proxy generator following the gRPC HTTP spec
117. inancgumus/learngo
     1000+ Hand-Crafted Go Examples, Exercises, and Quizzes
118. authelia/authelia
     The Single Sign-On Multi-Factor portal for web apps
119. flipped-aurora/gin-vue-admin
     基于 vite+vue3+gin 搭建的开发基础平台（已完成 setup 语法糖版本），集成 jwt 鉴权，权限管理，动态路由，显隐可控组件，分页封装，多点登录拦截，资源权限，上传下载，代码生成器，表单生成器等开发必备功能。
120. golang/dep
     Go dependency management tool experiment (deprecated)
121. ahmetb/kubectx
     Faster way to switch between clusters and namespaces in kubectl
122. txthinking/brook
     A cross-platform network tool designed for developers. 一个为开发者设计的跨平台网络工具.
123. xtaci/kcptun
     A Stable & Secure Tunnel based on KCP with N:M multiplexing and FEC. Available for ARM, MIPS, 386 and AMD64。KCP プロトコルに基づく安全なトンネル。KCP 프로토콜을 기반으로 하는 보안 터널입니다。
124. GoogleContainerTools/skaffold
     Easy and Repeatable Kubernetes Development
125. bcicen/ctop
     Top-like interface for container metrics
126. boltdb/bolt
     An embedded key/value database for Go.
127. kubernetes/ingress-nginx
     NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes
128. google/gvisor
     Application Kernel for Containers
129. dutchcoders/transfer.sh
     Easy and fast file sharing from the command-line.
130. revel/revel
     A high productivity, full-stack web framework for the Go language.
131. ory/hydra
     OpenID Certified™ OpenID Connect and OAuth Provider written in Go - cloud native, security-first, open source API security for your infrastructure. SDKs for any language. Works with Hardware Security Modules. Compatible with MITREid.
132. pulumi/pulumi
     Pulumi - Universal Infrastructure as Code. Your Cloud, Your Language, Your Way 🚀
133. charmbracelet/bubbletea
     A powerful little TUI framework 🏗
134. CodisLabs/codis
     Proxy based Redis cluster solution supporting pipeline and scaling dynamically
135. go-sql-driver/mysql
     Go MySQL Driver is a MySQL driver for Go's (golang) database/sql package
136. snail007/goproxy
     🔥 Proxy is a high performance HTTP(S) proxies, SOCKS5 proxies,WEBSOCKET, TCP, UDP proxy server implemented by golang. Now, it supports chain-style proxies,nat forwarding in different lan,TCP/UDP port forwarding, SSH forwarding.Proxy 是 golang 实现的高性能 http,https,websocket,tcp,socks5 代理服务器,支持内网穿透,链式代理,通讯加密,智能 HTTP,SOCKS5 代理,黑白名单,限速,限流量,限连接数,跨平台,KCP 支持,认证 API。
137. aquasecurity/trivy
     Scanner for vulnerabilities in container images, file systems, and Git repositories, as well as for configuration issues and hard-coded secrets
138. Netflix/chaosmonkey
     Chaos Monkey is a resiliency tool that helps applications tolerate random instance failures.
139. cilium/cilium
     eBPF-based Networking, Security, and Observability
140. casbin/casbin
     An authorization library that supports access control models like ACL, RBAC, ABAC in Golang
141. jmoiron/sqlx
     general purpose extensions to golang's database/sql
142. gravitational/teleport
     Certificate authority and access plane for SSH, Kubernetes, web apps, databases and desktops
143. qax-os/excelize
     Go language library for reading and writing Microsoft Excel™ (XLAM / XLSM / XLSX / XLTM / XLTX) spreadsheets
144. fogleman/primitive
     Reproducing images with geometric primitives.
145. gizak/termui
     Golang terminal dashboard
146. peterq/pan-light
     百度网盘不限速客户端, golang + qt5, 跨平台图形界面
147. AdguardTeam/AdGuardHome
     Network-wide ads & trackers blocking DNS server
148. influxdata/telegraf
     The plugin-driven server agent for collecting & reporting metrics.
149. emirpasic/gods
     GoDS (Go Data Structures) - Sets, Lists, Stacks, Maps, Trees, Queues, and much more
150. PuerkitoBio/goquery
     A little like that j-thing, only in Go.
151. go-chi/chi
     lightweight, idiomatic and composable router for building Go HTTP services
152. go-martini/martini
     Classy web framework for Go
     知名 Go Web 框架
153. golang/groupcache
     groupcache is a caching and cache-filling library, intended as a replacement for memcached in many cases.
     知名 Go 缓存库
154. bettercap/bettercap
     The Swiss Army knife for 802.11, BLE, IPv4 and IPv6 networks reconnaissance and MITM attacks.
155. getlantern/lantern
     Lantern 官方版本下载 蓝灯 翻墙 代理 科学上网 外网 加速器 梯子 路由 lantern proxy vpn censorship-circumvention censorship gfw accelerator
156. kubernetes/dashboard
     General-purpose web UI for Kubernetes clusters
157. micro/micro
     API first development platform
158. gopherjs/gopherjs
     A compiler from Go to JavaScript for running Go code in a browser
159. halfrost/Halfrost-Field
     ✍🏻 这里是写博客的地方 —— Halfrost-Field 冰霜之地
160. containerd/containerd
     An open and reliable container runtime
161. argoproj/argo-workflows
     Workflow engine for Kubernetes
162. hashicorp/nomad
     Nomad is an easy-to-use, flexible, and performant workload orchestrator that can deploy a mix of microservice, batch, containerized, and non-containerized applications. Nomad is easy to operate and scale and has native Consul and Vault integrations.
163. elastic/beats
     :tropical_fish: Beats - Lightweight shippers for Elasticsearch & Logstash
164. nats-io/nats-server
     High-Performance server for NATS.io, the cloud and edge native messaging system.
165. json-iterator/go
     A high-performance 100% compatible drop-in replacement of "encoding/json"
166. tomnomnom/gron
     Make JSON greppable!
167. dgraph-io/badger
     Fast key-value DB in Go.
168. ent/ent
     An entity framework for Go
169. containrrr/watchtower
     A process for automating Docker container base image updates.
170. dolthub/dolt
     Dolt – It's Git for Data
171. talkgo/night
     Weekly Go Online Meetup via Bilibili ｜ Go 夜读｜通过 bilibili 在线直播的方式分享 Go 相关的技术话题，每天大家在微信/telegram/Slack 上及时沟通交流编程技术话题。
172. geektutu/7days-golang
     7 days golang programs from scratch (web framework Gee, distributed cache GeeCache, object relational mapping ORM framework GeeORM, rpc framework GeeRPC etc) 7 天用 Go 动手写/从零实现系列
173. FiloSottile/age
     A simple, modern and secure encryption tool (and Go library) with small explicit keys, no config options, and UNIX-style composability.
174. ardanlabs/gotraining
     Go Training Class Material :
175. google/grumpy
     Grumpy is a Python to Go source code transcompiler and runtime.
176. go-playground/validator
     :100:Go Struct and Field validation, including Cross Field, Cross Struct, Map, Slice and Array diving
177. rqlite/rqlite
     The lightweight, distributed relational database built on SQLite
178. milvus-io/milvus
     An open-source vector database for scalable similarity search and AI applications.
179. GoogleContainerTools/kaniko
     Build Container Images In Kubernetes
180. thanos-io/thanos
     Highly available Prometheus setup with long term storage capabilities. A CNCF Incubating project.
181. dgrijalva/jwt-go
     ARCHIVE - Golang implementation of JSON Web Tokens (JWT). This project is now maintained at:
182. golangci/golangci-lint
     Fast linters Runner for Go
183. tidwall/gjson
     Get JSON values quickly - JSON parser for Go
184. git-lfs/git-lfs
     Git extension for versioning large files
185. sqshq/sampler
     Tool for shell commands execution, visualization and alerting. Configured with a simple YAML file.
186. OpenDiablo2/OpenDiablo2
     An open source re-implementation of Diablo 2
187. goreleaser/goreleaser
     Deliver Go binaries as fast and easily as possible
188. mailhog/MailHog
     Web and API based SMTP testing
     SMTP 工具
189. github/gh-ost
     GitHub's Online Schema Migrations for MySQL

#447 Go 练手小项目

开始在学习 Go 语言了，先在 GitHub 上找一批小项目用来学习。

1. julienschmidt/httprouter
   A high performance HTTP request router that scales well
2. golang/groupcache
   groupcache is a caching and cache-filling library, intended as a replacement for memcached in many cases.
3. robfig/cron
   a cron library for go
4. jroimartin/gocui
   Minimalist Go package aimed at creating Console User Interfaces.
5. tylertreat/comcast
   Simulating shitty network connections so you can build better systems.
6. pkg/errors
   Simple error handling primitives
7. schachmat/wego
   weather app for the terminal
8. teh-cmc/go-internals
   A book about the internals of the Go programming language.
9. simeji/jid
   json incremental digger
10. patrickmn/go-cache
    An in-memory key:value store/cache (similar to Memcached) library for Go, suitable for single-machine applications.
11. wercker/stern
    ⎈ Multi pod and container log tailing for Kubernetes
12. allegro/bigcache
    Efficient cache for gigabytes of data written in Go.
13. microsoft/ethr
    Ethr is a Comprehensive Network Measurement Tool for TCP, UDP & ICMP.
14. samber/lo
    💥 A Lodash-style Go library based on Go 1.18+ Generics (map, filter, contains, find...)
15. goproxyio/goproxy
    A global proxy for Go modules.
16. eranyanay/1m-go-websockets
    handling 1M websockets connections in Go
17. fogleman/nes
    NES emulator written in Go.

1. inconshreveable/ngrok
   Introspected tunnels to localhost
2. sirupsen/logrus
   Structured, pluggable logging for Go.
3. tmrts/go-patterns
   Curated list of Go design patterns, recipes and idioms
4. gorilla/websocket
   A fast, well-tested and widely used WebSocket implementation for Go.
5. gorilla/mux
   A powerful HTTP router and URL matcher for building Go web servers with 🦍
6. julienschmidt/httprouter
   A high performance HTTP request router that scales well
7. rakyll/hey
   HTTP load generator, ApacheBench (ab) replacement
8. ahmetb/kubectx
   Faster way to switch between clusters and namespaces in kubectl
9. charmbracelet/bubbletea
   A powerful little TUI framework 🏗
10. jmoiron/sqlx
    general purpose extensions to golang's database/sql
11. emirpasic/gods
    GoDS (Go Data Structures) - Sets, Lists, Stacks, Maps, Trees, Queues, and much more
12. PuerkitoBio/goquery
    A little like that j-thing, only in Go.
13. go-martini/martini
    Classy web framework for Go
14. golang/groupcache
    groupcache is a caching and cache-filling library, intended as a replacement for memcached in many cases.
15. FiloSottile/age
    A simple, modern and secure encryption tool (and Go library) with small explicit keys, no config options, and UNIX-style composability.
16. dgrijalva/jwt-go
    ARCHIVE - Golang implementation of JSON Web Tokens (JWT). This project is now maintained at:
17. tidwall/gjson
    Get JSON values quickly - JSON parser for Go

#446 gvm: Golang 版本管理

https://github.com/moovweb/gvm

安装

bash < <(curl -s -S -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/moovweb/gvm/master/binscripts/gvm-installer)

使用

source ~/.gvm/scripts/gvm

gvm listall

# gvm 默认从 github 克隆代码到本地，然后进行编译
# 可以采用 gitee 仓库加速
git clone git@gitee.com:mirrors/go ~/.gvm/archive/go

gvm install go1.16

gvm list
gvm use go1.16

go version
# go version go1.16 linux/amd64

#445 Golang 结构体

package main

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
    "reflect"
)

type Address struct {
    City    string `json:"city"`
    Country string `json:"country"`
}

type User struct {
    Username string `json:"username"`
    Password string `json:"password"`
}

type Person struct {
    Name    string  `json:"name"`
    Age     int     `json:"age"`
    Address Address `json:"address"`
    // 这么写，JSON 会多一层
    // User    `json:"user"`
    User
}

func (p Person) SayHello() {
    fmt.Println("Hello, my name is", p.Name)
}

func main() {
    person := Person{
        Name: "Bob",
        Age:  30,
        Address: Address{
            City:    "London",
            Country: "UK",
        },
        User: User{
            Username: "bob1999",
            Password: "pa55w0rd",
        },
    }

    // 属性操作
    fmt.Println("Name:", person.Name)
    fmt.Println("Age:", person.Age)
    fmt.Println("City:", person.Address.City)
    fmt.Println("Country:", person.Address.Country)
    fmt.Println("Username:", person.Username)
    fmt.Println("Password:", person.Password)
    fmt.Printf("%+v\n", person)
    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", person)

    // 方法调用
    person.SayHello()

    // 通过反射获取标签内容
    t := reflect.TypeOf(person)
    for i := 0; i < t.NumField(); i++ {
        field := t.Field(i)
        tag := field.Tag.Get("json")
        fmt.Println(field.Name, ":", tag)
    }

    // JSON 序列化
    jsonData, err := json.Marshal(person)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
    }
    fmt.Println("JSON:", string(jsonData))
}

// Name: Bob
// Age: 30
// City: London
// Country: UK
// Username: bob1999
// Password: pa55w0rd
// main.Person{name:"Bob", age:30, address:main.Address{city:"London", country:"UK"}, User:main.User{username:"bob1999", password:"pa55w0rd"}}

其他知识点：

1. 字段名大小写问题：首字母小写的话，只有本包可以访问

2. Zero-value Struct

type Fruit struct {
    name string
}
var apple Fruit
fmt.Println(apple) // {}

1. new 关键字

package main

import "fmt"

type Employee struct {
    Name string
    Age  int
}

func main() {
    p := new(Employee)
    fmt.Println(p) // &{ 0}

    var p2 Employee
    fmt.Println(p2) // { 0}

    p3 := Employee{"Me", 30}
    fmt.Println(p3) // {Me 30}
}

1. struct 字面量

type Person struct {
    Name  string
    Age   int
    Email string
}

p1 := Person{
    Name:  "Alice",
    Age:   25,
    Email: "alice@example.com",
}
p2 := Person {"Alice", 25, "alice@example.com"}

1. 指针

2. 匿名结构体

package main

import (
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    user := struct {
        username string
    }{
        username: "admin",
    }
    fmt.Printf("%+v\n", user)
    // {username:admin}
    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", user)
    // struct { username string }{username:"admin"}
    fmt.Printf("%v\n", user)
    // {admin}
    fmt.Println(user)
    // {admin}
}

场景：

1. 定义一个临时结构体接收反序列化数据

2. 内嵌结构体

3. 匿名属性（或者应该叫啥，我也不知道）

4. 内嵌类型不能重复，

5. 前面的例子可以看出，可以直接访问匿名属性（结构体）内部属性，
6. 但是如果同名就只能老老实实通过类型名字来访问了

package main

import (
    "fmt"
)

type Book struct {
    string // book name (anno field)

    // syntax error: unexpected [, expected field name or embedded type
    // []Author
    Authors []Author // slice of authors

    Publisher
}

type Author struct {
    string // author name (anno field)
}

type Publisher struct {
    string // publisher name (anno field)
}

func main() {
    p := Book{
        string: "Learning Python",
        Authors: []Author{
            {string: "Stanley B.Lippman"},
            {string: "Josée LaJoie"},
            {"Barbara E.Moo"},
        },
        Publisher: Publisher{"人民邮电出版社"},
    }
    p.string = "C++ Primer" // change attr

    fmt.Println(p)
    fmt.Printf("%v\n", p)
    fmt.Printf("%+v\n", p)
    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", p)
    fmt.Printf("%v\n", p.string)
    fmt.Printf("%v\n", p.Authors[0].string)
    fmt.Printf("%v\n", p.Publisher)
    fmt.Printf("%v\n", p.Publisher.string)
}

// {C++ Primer [{Stanley B.Lippman} {Josée LaJoie} {Barbara E.Moo}] {人民邮电出版社}}
// {C++ Primer [{Stanley B.Lippman} {Josée LaJoie} {Barbara E.Moo}] {人民邮电出版社}}
// {string:C++ Primer Authors:[{string:Stanley B.Lippman} {string:Josée LaJoie} {string:Barbara E.Moo}] Publisher:{string:人民邮电出版社}}
// main.Book{string:"C++ Primer", Authors:[]main.Author{main.Author{string:"Stanley B.Lippman"}, main.Author{string:"Josée LaJoie"}, main.Author{string:"Barbara E.Moo"}}, Publisher:main.Publisher{string:"人民邮电出版社"}}
// C++ Primer
// Stanley B.Lippman
// {人民邮电出版社}
// 人民邮电出版社

1. 将函数通过属性的方式定义

type FoodNameGetter func(string) string

type Food struct {
    name   string
    getter FoodNameGetter // declare function
}

pizza := Food{
    name: "Pizza",
    getter: func(name string) string { // declare function body
        return "This is " + name + "."
    },
}

1. 结构体比较

如果类型和值相同，就等于。

package main

import "fmt"

type Teacher struct {
    name string
}

type Student struct {
    name string
}

func main() {
    s1 := Student{"John"}
    s2 := Student{"John"}
    fmt.Println(s1 == s2) // true

    // invalid operation: s1 == t1 (mismatched types Student and Teacher)
    // t1 := Teacher{"John"}
    // fmt.Println(s1 == t1)
}

参考资料与拓展阅读

• https://golangdocs.com/structs-in-golang

#444 Go 几个特殊用法

点后直接括号

1. type assertion 类型断言
2. type switch 类型判断

Golang 是强类型的语言，这两种语法都是只对 interface{} 有效。

package main

import "fmt"

func test(value interface{}) {
    switch value.(type) {
    case string:
        fmt.Printf("%#v\n", value)
    }
}

func test2(value interface{}) {
    v1, ok := value.([]byte)
    fmt.Printf("%#v, %#v\n", v1, ok)

    v2, ok := value.(string)
    fmt.Printf("%#v, %#v\n", v2, ok)
}

func main() {
    a := "abc"
    test(a)
    test2(a)
}