#2 Golang reflect

2021-02-17
func Copy(dst, src Value) int
func DeepEqual(x, y any) bool
func Swapper(slice any) func(i, j int)
type ChanDir
    func (d ChanDir) String() string
type Kind
    func (k Kind) String() string
type MapIter
    func (iter *MapIter) Key() Value
    func (iter *MapIter) Next() bool
    func (iter *MapIter) Reset(v Value)
    func (iter *MapIter) Value() Value
type Method
    func (m Method) IsExported() bool
type SelectCase
type SelectDir
type SliceHeader
type StringHeader
type StructField
    func VisibleFields(t Type) []StructField
    func (f StructField) IsExported() bool
type StructTag
    func (tag StructTag) Get(key string) string
    func (tag StructTag) Lookup(key string) (value string, ok bool)

Type

  • func ArrayOf(length int, elem Type) Type
  • func ChanOf(dir ChanDir, t Type) Type
  • func FuncOf(in, out []Type, variadic bool) Type
  • func MapOf(key, elem Type) Type
  • func PointerTo(t Type) Type
  • func PtrTo(t Type) Type
  • func SliceOf(t Type) Type
  • func StructOf(fields []StructField) Type
  • func TypeOf(i any) Type

Value

  • func Append(s Value, x ...Value) Value
  • func AppendSlice(s, t Value) Value
  • func Indirect(v Value) Value
  • func MakeChan(typ Type, buffer int) Value
  • func MakeFunc(typ Type, fn func(args []Value) (results []Value)) Value
  • func MakeMap(typ Type) Value
  • func MakeMapWithSize(typ Type, n int) Value
  • func MakeSlice(typ Type, len, cap int) Value
  • func New(typ Type) Value
  • func NewAt(typ Type, p unsafe.Pointer) Value
  • func Select(cases []SelectCase) (chosen int, recv Value, recvOK bool)
  • func ValueOf(i any) Value
  • func Zero(typ Type) Value
  • func (v Value) Addr() Value
  • func (v Value) Bool() bool
  • func (v Value) Bytes() []byte
  • func (v Value) Call(in []Value) []Value
  • func (v Value) CallSlice(in []Value) []Value
  • func (v Value) CanAddr() bool
  • func (v Value) CanComplex() bool
  • func (v Value) CanConvert(t Type) bool
  • func (v Value) CanFloat() bool
  • func (v Value) CanInt() bool
  • func (v Value) CanInterface() bool
  • func (v Value) CanSet() bool
  • func (v Value) CanUint() bool
  • func (v Value) Cap() int
  • func (v Value) Close()
  • func (v Value) Comparable() bool
  • func (v Value) Complex() complex128
  • func (v Value) Convert(t Type) Value
  • func (v Value) Elem() Value
  • func (v Value) Equal(u Value) bool
  • func (v Value) Field(i int) Value
  • func (v Value) FieldByIndex(index []int) Value
  • func (v Value) FieldByIndexErr(index []int) (Value, error)
  • func (v Value) FieldByName(name string) Value
  • func (v Value) FieldByNameFunc(match func(string) bool) Value
  • func (v Value) Float() float64
  • func (v Value) Grow(n int)
  • func (v Value) Index(i int) Value
  • func (v Value) Int() int64
  • func (v Value) Interface() (i any)
  • func (v Value) InterfaceData() [2]uintptrDEPRECATED
  • func (v Value) IsNil() bool
  • func (v Value) IsValid() bool
  • func (v Value) IsZero() bool
  • func (v Value) Kind() Kind
  • func (v Value) Len() int
  • func (v Value) MapIndex(key Value) Value
  • func (v Value) MapKeys() []Value
  • func (v Value) MapRange() *MapIter
  • func (v Value) Method(i int) Value
  • func (v Value) MethodByName(name string) Value
  • func (v Value) NumField() int
  • func (v Value) NumMethod() int
  • func (v Value) OverflowComplex(x complex128) bool
  • func (v Value) OverflowFloat(x float64) bool
  • func (v Value) OverflowInt(x int64) bool
  • func (v Value) OverflowUint(x uint64) bool
  • func (v Value) Pointer() uintptr
  • func (v Value) Recv() (x Value, ok bool)
  • func (v Value) Send(x Value)
  • func (v Value) Set(x Value)
  • func (v Value) SetBool(x bool)
  • func (v Value) SetBytes(x []byte)
  • func (v Value) SetCap(n int)
  • func (v Value) SetComplex(x complex128)
  • func (v Value) SetFloat(x float64)
  • func (v Value) SetInt(x int64)
  • func (v Value) SetIterKey(iter *MapIter)
  • func (v Value) SetIterValue(iter *MapIter)
  • func (v Value) SetLen(n int)
  • func (v Value) SetMapIndex(key, elem Value)
  • func (v Value) SetPointer(x unsafe.Pointer)
  • func (v Value) SetString(x string)
  • func (v Value) SetUint(x uint64)
  • func (v Value) SetZero()
  • func (v Value) Slice(i, j int) Value
  • func (v Value) Slice3(i, j, k int) Value
  • func (v Value) String() string
  • func (v Value) TryRecv() (x Value, ok bool)
  • func (v Value) TrySend(x Value) bool
  • func (v Value) Type() Type
  • func (v Value) Uint() uint64
  • func (v Value) UnsafeAddr() uintptr
  • func (v Value) UnsafePointer() unsafe.Pointer

#1 Golang 反射简单示例

2021-02-09

通过反射(Reflection),我们可以在程序运行时,动态的增删该一些信息(类型,方法,变量),用来完成一些特殊的任务。
主要是实现不同类型都支持的一些方法。在 ORM,序列化等方面都有应用。

这种动态获取信息的能力让程序的开发变得更加灵活,但也会损失部分性能,毕竟需要进行很多类型检查、值转换等操作。
而且,滥用的话会导致程序变得复杂,可读性下降。

示例 1

type Person struct {
    Name string
    Age  int
}

func Insert(db *sql.DB, v interface{}) error {
    value := reflect.ValueOf(v)
    typ := reflect.TypeOf(v)

    sql := "INSERT INTO persons ("
    placeholders := "VALUES ("
    for i := 0; i < typ.Elem().NumField(); i++ {
        fieldName := typ.Elem().Field(i).Name
        sql += fmt.Sprintf("%s, ", fieldName)
        placeholders += "?, "
    }
    sql = sql[:len(sql)-2] + ")"
    placeholders = placeholders[:len(placeholders)-2] + ")"

    args := make([]interface{}, typ.Elem().NumField())
    for i := 0; i < typ.Elem().NumField(); i++ {
        args[i] = value.Elem().Field(i).Interface()
    }

    _, err := db.Exec(sql+placeholders, args...)
    return err
}

示例 2

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "reflect"
)

type Person struct {
    Name    string
    Age     int
    Address string
}

// 定义结构体方法
func (p Person) Hello() string {
    return "Hello, " + p.Name
}

func main() {
    p := Person{
        Name:    "Alice",
        Age:     30,
        Address: "123 Main St",
    }

    fmt.Println("获取变量的反射类型:===============")
    pType := reflect.TypeOf(p)                  // &reflect.rtype
    fmt.Printf("Type: %s, %#v\n", pType, pType) // main.Person
    // fmt.Println("Type:", pType.Elem()) // panic: reflect: Elem of invalid type main.Person
    pType2 := reflect.TypeOf(&p)
    fmt.Printf("Type: %s, %#v\n", pType2, pType2)               // *main.Person
    fmt.Printf("Type: %s, %#v\n", pType2.Elem(), pType2.Elem()) // main.Person (指针类型的基础类型)

    fmt.Println("获取变量的反射值:===============")
    pValue := reflect.ValueOf(p) // main.Person
    fmt.Printf("Value: %s, %#v\n", pValue, pValue)
    pValue2 := reflect.ValueOf(&p)
    fmt.Printf("Value: %s, %#v\n", pValue2, pValue2) // 地址
    fmt.Printf("Value: %s, %#v\n", pValue2.Elem(), pValue2.Elem())

    fmt.Println("遍历结构体字段:===============")
    for i := 0; i < pType.NumField(); i++ {
        field := pType.Field(i)
        value := pValue.Field(i)
        fmt.Printf("%s: %v\n", field.Name, value.Interface())
    }

    fmt.Println("修改结构体字段值:===============")
    ageField1 := pValue.FieldByName("Age")
    fmt.Printf("Value: %#v\n", ageField1)
    // ageField1.SetInt(31) // panic: reflect: reflect.Value.SetInt using unaddressable value
    // ageField1.Elem().SetInt(31) // panic: reflect: call of reflect.Value.Elem on int Value
    ageField2 := pValue2.Elem().FieldByName("Age")
    fmt.Printf("Value: %#v\n", ageField2)
    ageField2.SetInt(31) // 只有指针类型才能通过反射修改
    fmt.Println("New Age:", p.Age)

    fmt.Println("调用结构体方法:===============")
    helloMethod := pValue.MethodByName("Hello")
    result := helloMethod.Call(nil)
    fmt.Println(result)

    // panic: reflect: call of reflect.Value.FieldByName on ptr Value
    pValue2.FieldByName("Age")

    // panic: reflect: reflect.Value.SetInt using unaddressable value
    // a := reflect.Indirect(pValue)
    b := reflect.Indirect(pValue2)
    b.FieldByName("Age").SetInt(33)
    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", b)
}
  • reflect.TypeOf:获取变量的类型
  • reflect.ValueOf:获取变量的值

  • Type.NumField:获取结构体字段数量
  • Type.Field:获取结构体字段信息

  • Value.Field:获取结构体字段的值

  • Value.FieldByName:根据字段名获取结构体字段的值
  • Value.SetInt:设置整数类型字段的值
  • Value.MethodByName:根据方法名获取结构体方法
  • Value.Call:调用结构体方法