#4 plocate

Linux 命令行 2021-12-15

Fedora 36 将采用 plocate 替代 mlocate 成为默认的查找索引，据说更快。
而且 Debian 也早采纳了 plocate。

安装

apt show plocate
# Package: plocate
# Version: 1.1.8-2
# Priority: optional
# Section: universe/utils
# Origin: Ubuntu
# Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
# Original-Maintainer: Steinar H. Gunderson <sesse@debian.org>
# Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
# Installed-Size: 510 kB
# Depends: libc6 (>= 2.33), libgcc-s1 (>= 3.3.1), libstdc++6 (>= 6), liburing1 (>= 0.7), libzstd1 (>= 1.4.0)
# Suggests: systemd-sysv | powermgmt-base, systemd-sysv | nocache
# Breaks: mlocate
# Replaces: mlocate
# Homepage: https://plocate.sesse.net/
# Task: xubuntu-desktop, ubuntu-budgie-desktop, ubuntu-budgie-desktop-raspi
# Download-Size: 119 kB
# APT-Manual-Installed: yes
# APT-Sources: https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu impish/universe amd64 Packages
# Description: much faster locate
#  plocate is a locate(1) based on posting lists, giving much faster searches
#  on a much smaller index. It is a drop-in replacement for mlocate in nearly
#  all aspects, and is fast on SSDs and non-SSDs alike.

sudo apt install -y plocate

使用

根据 apt show 信息，plocate 会 break mlocate。
updatedb 命令会改由 plocate 提供。

ll /usr/bin/locate /usr/bin/updatedb /etc/alternatives/locate /etc/alternatives/updatedb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 2021-12-15 11:51:56 /etc/alternatives/locate -> /usr/bin/plocate
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 2021-12-15 11:51:56 /etc/alternatives/updatedb -> /usr/sbin/updatedb.plocate
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 2021-12-15 11:51:56 /usr/bin/locate -> /etc/alternatives/locate
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 2021-12-15 11:51:56 /usr/bin/updatedb -> /etc/alternatives/updatedb

根据官网提供的演示数据，其 DB 只有 mlocate 的 40%，查询时间只有 mlocate 的万分之四。

其具体操作和 mlocate 类似：

sudo updatedb

locate go.mod

有没有 2500 倍的提升我不知道，但是感觉好像确实快。挺好！

参考资料与拓展阅读

#3 Windows 命令大全

Windows 命令行 2018-01-15

Active Directory

  • ADmodcmd Active Directory Bulk Modify
  • CSVDE Import or Export Active Directory data
  • DSACLs Active Directory ACLs
  • DSAdd Add items to active directory (user group computer)
  • DSGet View items in active directory (user group computer)
  • DSQuery Search for items in active directory (user group computer)
  • DSMod Modify items in active directory (user group computer)
  • DSMove Move an Active directory Object
  • DSRM Remove items from Active Directory

Batch Files

  • CALL Call one batch program from another 内部命令
  • CHOICE Accept keyboard input to a batch file
  • CLIP Copy STDIN to the Windows clipboard
  • CLS Clear the screen 内部命令
  • CMD Start a new CMD shell
  • COLOR Change colors of the CMD window 内部命令
  • DOSKEY Edit command line, recall commands, and create macros
  • ECHO Display message on screen 内部命令
  • ENDLOCAL End localisation of environment changes in a batch file 内部命令
  • EVENTCREATE Add a message to the Windows event log
  • EXIT Quit the current script/routine and set an errorlevel 内部命令
  • FOR /F Loop command: against a set of files 内部命令
  • FOR /F Loop command: against the results of another command 内部命令
  • FOR Loop command: all options Files, Directory, List 内部命令
  • GOTO Direct a batch program to jump to a labelled line 内部命令
  • IF Conditionally perform a command 内部命令
  • IFMEMBER Is the current user a member of a Workgroup
  • LOGTIME Log the date and time in a file
  • MAPISEND Send email from the command line
  • MORE Display output, one screen at a time
  • PAUSE Suspend processing of a batch file and display a message 内部命令
  • PROMPT Change the command prompt 内部命令
  • REM Record comments (remarks) in a batch file 内部命令
  • RUN Start | RUN commands
  • RUNAS Execute a program under a different user account
  • SET Display, set, or remove session environment variables 内部命令
  • SETLOCAL Control the visibility of environment variables 内部命令
  • SETX Set environment variables
  • SORT Sort input
  • SHIFT Shift the position of batch file parameters 内部命令
  • SLEEP Wait for x seconds
  • START Start a program, command or batch file 内部命令
  • TIMEOUT Delay processing of a batch file
  • TITLE Set the window title for a CMD.EXE session 内部命令
  • WAITFOR Wait for or send a signal
  • WMIC WMI Commands
  • :: Comment / Remark 内部命令

Disk Management

  • BCDBOOT Create or repair a system partition
  • BCDEDIT Manage Boot Configuration Data
  • CONVERT Convert a FAT drive to NTFS
  • CHKDSK Check Disk - check and repair disk problems
  • CHKNTFS Check the NTFS file system
  • DEFRAG Defragment hard drive
  • DISKPART Disk Administration
  • DISKSHADOW Volume Shadow Copy Service
  • DriverQuery Display installed device drivers
  • FORMAT Format a disk
  • FREEDISK Check free disk space (in bytes)
  • LABEL Edit a disk label
  • MOUNTVOL Manage a volume mount point
  • NTBACKUP Backup folders to tape
  • SFC System File Checker
  • VOL Display a disk label 内部命令

Files and Folders

  • ASSOC Change file extension associations 内部命令
  • ASSOCIAT One step file association
  • ATTRIB Change file attributes
  • BITSADMIN Background Intelligent Transfer Service
  • CACLS Change file permissions
  • CD Change Directory - move to a specific Folder 内部命令
  • CIPHER Encrypt or Decrypt files/folders
  • COMP Compare the contents of two files or sets of files
  • COMPACT Compress files or folders on an NTFS partition
  • COMPRESS Compress individual files on an NTFS partition
  • COPY Copy one or more files to another location 内部命令
  • CSCcmd Client-side caching (Offline Files)
  • DEL Delete one or more files 内部命令
  • DELTREE Delete a folder and all subfolders
  • DIR Display a list of files and folders 内部命令
  • ERASE Delete one or more files 内部命令
  • EXPAND Uncompress files
  • EXTRACT Uncompress CAB files
  • FC Compare two files
  • FIND Search for a text string in a file
  • FINDSTR Search for strings in files
  • FORFILES Batch process multiple files
  • FSUTIL File and Volume utilities
  • FTP File Transfer Protocol
  • FTYPE File extension file type associations 内部命令
  • iCACLS Change file and folder permissions
  • MD Create new folders 内部命令
  • MOVE Move files from one folder to another 内部命令
  • MKLINK Create a symbolic link (linkd)
  • OPENFILES Query or display open files
  • POPD Return to a previous directory saved by PUSHD 内部命令
  • PsFile Show files opened remotely
  • PUSHD Save and then change the current directory 内部命令
  • RECOVER Recover a damaged file from a defective disk
  • REN Rename a file or files 内部命令
  • REPLACE Replace or update one file with another
  • RD Delete folder(s) 内部命令
  • RMTSHARE Share a folder or a printer
  • ROBOCOPY Robust File and Folder Copy
  • SHARE List or edit a file share or print share
  • SHORTCUT Create a windows shortcut (.LNK file)
  • SUBINACL Edit file and folder Permissions, Ownership and Domain
  • TAKEOWN Take ownership of a file
  • TOUCH Change file timestamps
  • TREE Graphical display of folder structure
  • TYPE Display the contents of a text file 内部命令
  • WHERE Locate and display files in a directory tree
  • WINDIFF Compare the contents of two files or sets of files
  • XCACLS Change file and folder permissions
  • XCOPY Copy files and folders

Group Policy/Windows Installer

  • DevCon Device Manager Command Line Utility
  • GPRESULT Display Resultant Set of Policy information
  • GPUPDATE Update Group Policy settings
  • MSIEXEC Microsoft Windows Installer
  • PsInfo List information about a system
  • PsShutdown Shutdown or reboot a computer
  • REGSVR32 Register or unregister a DLL
  • SHUTDOWN Shutdown the computer
  • SLMGR Software Licensing Management (Vista/2008)
  • WUAUCLT Windows Update

Networking

  • ARP Address Resolution Protocol
  • BROWSTAT Get domain, browser and PDC info
  • DNSSTAT DNS Statistics
  • GETMAC Display the Media Access Control (MAC) address
  • IPCONFIG Configure IP
  • NET Manage network resources
  • NETDOM Domain Manager
  • NETSH Configure Network Interfaces, Windows Firewall & Remote access
  • NBTSTAT Display networking statistics (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)
  • NETSTAT Display networking statistics (TCP/IP)
  • NMBIND Manage Hyper-V network bindings
  • NSLOOKUP Name server lookup
  • PATHPING Trace route plus network latency and packet loss
  • PsPing Measure network performance
  • PING Test a network connection
  • ROUTE Manipulate network routing tables
  • TRACERT Trace route to a remote host

Processes

  • PATH Display or set a search path for executable files 内部命令
  • PsExec Execute process remotely
  • PsKill Kill processes by name or process ID
  • PsList List detailed information about processes
  • PsGetSid Display the SID of a computer or a user
  • PsSuspend Suspend processes
  • SCHTASKS Schedule a command to run at a specific time
  • SYSMON Monitor and log system activity to the Windows event log
  • TASKLIST List running applications and services
  • TASKKILL End a running process
  • TSKILL End a running process
  • TLIST Task list with full path

Printing

  • MODE Configure a system device
  • PRINT Print a text file
  • PRINTBRM Print queue Backup/Recovery
  • RUNDLL32 Run a DLL command (add/remove print connections)

Recovery

  • BOOTREC Repair or replace a partition boot sector (WinRE).
  • BCDBOOT Create or repair a system partition.
  • BCDEDIT Manage Boot Configuration Data.
  • WPEUTIL Run commands during a Windows Preinstallation Environment (WinPE) session.

Registry

  • REG Registry: Read, Set, Export, Delete keys and values
  • REGEDIT Import or export registry settings
  • REGINI Change Registry Permissions

Remote Desktop

  • CHANGE Change Terminal Server Session properties
  • Query Process Display processes (TS/Remote Desktop)
  • Query Session Display all sessions (TS/Remote Desktop)
  • Query TermServer List all servers (TS/Remote Desktop)
  • Query User Display user sessions (TS/Remote Desktop)
  • MSTSC Terminal Server Connection (Remote Desktop Protocol)
  • RASDIAL Manage RAS connections
  • RASPHONE Manage RAS connections
  • Reset Session Delete a Remote Desktop Session
  • TSDISCON Disconnect a Remote Desktop Session
  • WINRM Windows Remote Management
  • WINRS Windows Remote Shell

Services

  • CASPOL Code Access Security Policy Tool.
  • PORTQRY Display the status of ports and services
  • PsService View and control services
  • SC Service Control

System Information

  • CHANGEPK Upgrade device Edition/Product Key
  • DATE Display or set the date 内部命令
  • HELP Online Help
  • LOGMAN Manage Performance Monitor logs
  • MBSAcli Baseline Security Analyzer
  • MSINFO32 System Information
  • NOW Display the current Date and Time
  • NTRIGHTS Edit user account rights
  • PsLogList Event log records
  • SFC System File Checker
  • SXSTRACE Diagnose side-by-side problems.
  • SYSMON Monitor and log system activity to the Windows event log
  • SYSTEMINFO List system configuration
  • TIME Display or set the system time 内部命令
  • TypePerf Write performance data to a log file
  • VER Display version information 内部命令
  • VERIFY Verify that files have been saved 内部命令
  • WHOAMI Output the current UserName and domain

User Administration

  • ADDUSERS Add or list users to/from a CSV file
  • CERTREQ Request certificate from a certification authority
  • CleanMgr Automated cleanup of Temp files, recycle bin
  • CON2PRT Connect or disconnect a Printer
  • CMDKEY Manage stored usernames/passwords
  • DELPROF Delete user profiles
  • DIRUSE Display disk usage
  • LOGOFF Log a user off
  • MOVEUSER Move a user from one domain to another
  • MSG Send a message
  • PERMS Show permissions for a user
  • POWERCFG Configure power settings
  • PsLoggedOn Who's logged on (locally or via resource sharing)
  • PsPasswd Change account password
  • SUBST Associate a path with a drive letter

Commands marked • are Internal commands only available within the CMD shell.
All other commands (not marked with •) are external commands.
External commands may be used under the CMD shell, PowerShell, or directly from START-RUN.

参考资料与拓展阅读

#2 Bash set 命令

Bash Linux 命令行 2018-01-11

我写 Shell 脚本一般都是用 bash 执行，一般我会在头部插入 set -xue 命令, 助记：蛇血。

那么这个命令的作用是什么呢？

set 是 bash 提供的一个命令，用来管理 bash 的一些行为。

  • x: 在执行命令前，输出所有命令，包括参数。
  • u: 遇到未定义变量时，报错。
  • e: 如果遇到错误，程序退出。

其他更多参数，参考：set --help 或 help set。