Golang
2020-12-25
Go 自带 flag 包，可以用于解析命令行参数。但用起来非常繁琐，更谈不上优雅，远不如 Python 的 argparse 包简洁明了，易于使用。
语法
类型
flag.Flagflag.FlagSetflag.Getterflag.Value
方法
func Bool(name string, value bool, usage string) *bool
func BoolVar(p *bool, name string, value bool, usage string)
func Duration(name string, value time.Duration, usage string) *time.Duration
func DurationVar(p *time.Duration, name string, value time.Duration, usage string)
func Float64(name string, value float64, usage string) *float64
func Float64Var(p *float64, name string, value float64, usage string)
func Func(name, usage string, fn func(string) error)
func Int(name string, value int, usage string) *int
func IntVar(p *int, name string, value int, usage string)
func Int64(name string, value int64, usage string) *int64
func Int64Var(p *int64, name string, value int64, usage string)
func String(name string, value string, usage string) *string
func StringVar(p *string, name string, value string, usage string)
func Uint(name string, value uint, usage string) *uint
func UintVar(p *uint, name string, value uint, usage string)
func Uint64(name string, value uint64, usage string) *uint64
func Uint64Var(p *uint64, name string, value uint64, usage string)
func Var(value Value, name string, usage string)
- 带 Var 结尾的方法表示将值绑定到一个变量上。
func Arg(i int) string // i-th argument
func Args() []string // non-flag arguments
func NArg() int // number of arguments remaining after flags have been processed
func NFlag() int // number of command-line flags that have been set
func Parse()
func Parsed() bool
func Set(name, value string) error
func PrintDefaults() // 帮助信息
func UnquoteUsage(flag *Flag) (name string, usage string) // 返回 flag 的名称和用法
func Visit(fn func(*Flag))
func VisitAll(fn func(*Flag))
type ErrorHandling
FlagSet
func NewFlagSet(name string, errorHandling ErrorHandling) *FlagSet
上面的方法 FlagSet 也都有一份。
示例：Todo
package main
import (
"flag"
"fmt"
)
var (
addFlag = flag.String("add", "", "Add a new task")
listFlag = flag.Bool("list", false, "List all tasks")
removeFlag = flag.Int("remove", -1, "Remove a task by its index")
removeAllFlag = flag.Bool("remove-all", false, "Remove all tasks")
doneFlag = flag.Int("done", -1, "Mark a task as done by its index")
undoneFlag = flag.Int("undone", -1, "Mark a task as undone by its index")
)
func main() {
flag.Parse()
args := make(map[string]interface{}, 10)
args["add"] = *addFlag
args["list"] = *listFlag
args["remove"] = *removeFlag
args["remove"] = *removeAllFlag
args["done"] = *doneFlag
args["undone"] = *undoneFlag
fmt.Printf("%#v\n", args)
// map[string]interface {}{"add":"", "done":-1, "list":false, "remove":false, "undone":-1}
fmt.Println("Other arguments:", flag.Args())
// Other arguments: []
}
参考资料与拓展阅读
阅读 影视 历史
2020-12-24
听易中天讲韩信（《汉末风云人物》）时说了这句，功臣末路断头颅。我以为是来自古文或古诗，一查，原来来自九十年代一部电视剧的主题曲。
Golang
2020-12-21
按照 stars 排序，就取头部的一些项目分析一下：
- golang/go
The Go programming language
跳过
- kubernetes/kubernetes
Production-Grade Container Scheduling and Management
K8S，跳过
- avelino/awesome-go
A curated list of awesome Go frameworks, libraries and software
一个重要的学习参考。
- moby/moby
Moby Project - a collaborative project for the container ecosystem to assemble container-based systems
Docker，跳过
- gin-gonic/gin
Gin is a HTTP web framework written in Go (Golang). It features a Martini-like API with much better performance -- up to 40 times faster. If you need smashing performance, get yourself some Gin.
Gin，跳过
- gohugoio/hugo
The world’s fastest framework for building websites.
Hugo，知名静态网站生成工具
- fatedier/frp
A fast reverse proxy to help you expose a local server behind a NAT or firewall to the internet.
frp, 知名网络工具
- syncthing/syncthing
Open Source Continuous File Synchronization
知名文件同步工具
- junegunn/fzf
:cherry_blossom: A command-line fuzzy finder
fzf，知名 find 命令替代品
- prometheus/prometheus
The Prometheus monitoring system and time series database.
知名监控平台
- caddyserver/caddy
Fast, multi-platform web server with automatic HTTPS
知名 HTTP 服务器
- astaxie/build-web-application-with-golang
A golang ebook intro how to build a web with golang
《Go Web 编程》
- gogs/gogs
Gogs is a painless self-hosted Git service
知名 Git 服务器
- etcd-io/etcd
Distributed reliable key-value store for the most critical data of a distributed system
知名 KV 存储服务
- v2ray/v2ray-core
A platform for building proxies to bypass network restrictions.
知名网络工具
- traefik/traefik
The Cloud Native Application Proxy
知名代理服务
- ethereum/go-ethereum
Official Go implementation of the Ethereum protocol
知名区块链项目
- FiloSottile/mkcert
A simple zero-config tool to make locally trusted development certificates with any names you'd like.
- minio/minio
Multi-Cloud Object Storage
- rclone/rclone
"rsync for cloud storage" - Google Drive, S3, Dropbox, Backblaze B2, One Drive, Swift, Hubic, Wasabi, Google Cloud Storage, Yandex Files
- hashicorp/terraform
Terraform enables you to safely and predictably create, change, and improve infrastructure. It is an open source tool that codifies APIs into declarative configuration files that can be shared amongst team members, treated as code, edited, reviewed, and versioned.
- wagoodman/dive
A tool for exploring each layer in a docker image
- evanw/esbuild
An extremely fast JavaScript and CSS bundler and minifier
知名前端构建工具
- pingcap/tidb
TiDB is an open-source, cloud-native, distributed, MySQL-Compatible database for elastic scale and real-time analytics. Try free: https://tidbcloud.com/signup
知名国产数据库
- istio/istio
Connect, secure, control, and observe services.
知名服务网格组件
- go-gitea/gitea
Git with a cup of tea, painless self-hosted git service
知名 Git 服务（gogs fork）
- unknwon/the-way-to-go_ZH_CN
《The Way to Go》中文译本，中文正式名《Go 入门指南》
- cli/cli
GitHub’s official command line tool
GitHub 官方命令行工具
- go-gorm/gorm
The fantastic ORM library for Golang, aims to be developer friendly
知名 Go ORM 库
- beego/beego
beego is an open-source, high-performance web framework for the Go programming language.
知名 Go web 框架
- jesseduffield/lazygit
simple terminal UI for git commands
Git 终端界面
- Dreamacro/clash
A rule-based tunnel in Go.
网络工具
- spf13/cobra
A Commander for modern Go CLI interactions
- docker/compose
Define and run multi-container applications with Docker
- halfrost/LeetCode-Go
✅ Solutions to LeetCode by Go, 100% test coverage, runtime beats 100% / LeetCode 题解
- harness/drone
Drone is a Container-Native, Continuous Delivery Platform
知名 CI/CD 服务
- hashicorp/consul
Consul is a distributed, highly available, and data center aware solution to connect and configure applications across dynamic, distributed infrastructure.
知名服务发现和配置管理服务
- cockroachdb/cockroach
CockroachDB - the open source, cloud-native distributed SQL database.
数据库
- nektos/act
Run your GitHub Actions locally 🚀
开发工具：GitHub Action
- hashicorp/vault
A tool for secrets management, encryption as a service, and privileged access management
安全相关服务
- kubernetes/minikube
Run Kubernetes locally
知名 K8S 项目
- influxdata/influxdb
Scalable datastore for metrics, events, and real-time analytics
知名时序数据库
- go-kit/kit
A standard library for microservices.
微服务框架
- mattermost/mattermost-server
Mattermost is an open source platform for secure collaboration across the entire software development lifecycle.
研发团队协作工具
- jesseduffield/lazydocker
The lazier way to manage everything docker
Docker 管理工具
- labstack/echo
High performance, minimalist Go web framework
知名 HTTP 框架
- kataras/iris
The fastest HTTP/2 Go Web Framework. A true successor of expressjs and laravel. Supports AWS Lambda, gRPC, MVC, Unique Router, Websockets, Sessions, Test suite, Dependency Injection and more. Thank you / 谢谢 https://github.com/kataras/iris/issues/1329
知名 HTTP 框架
- portainer/portainer
Making Docker and Kubernetes management easy.
知名容器管理平台
- helm/helm
The Kubernetes Package Manager
知名 K8S 项目
- github/hub
A command-line tool that makes git easier to use with GitHub.
- inconshreveable/ngrok
Introspected tunnels to localhost
- openfaas/faas
OpenFaaS - Serverless Functions Made Simple
知名 FaaS 项目
- ehang-io/nps
一款轻量级、高性能、功能强大的内网穿透代理服务器。支持 tcp、udp、socks5、http 等几乎所有流量转发，可用来访问内网网站、本地支付接口调试、ssh 访问、远程桌面，内网 dns 解析、内网 socks5 代理等等……，并带有功能强大的 web 管理端。a lightweight, high-performance, powerful intranet penetration proxy server, with a powerful web management terminal.
- nsqio/nsq
A realtime distributed messaging platform
知名 MQ 服务
- coreybutler/nvm-windows
A node.js version management utility for Windows. Ironically written in Go.
开发工具：前端相关
- photoprism/photoprism
AI-Powered Photos App for the Decentralized Web 🌈💎✨
照片管理系统
- sirupsen/logrus
Structured, pluggable logging for Go.
重要的日志库
- yeasy/docker_practice
Learn and understand Docker&Container technologies, with real DevOps practice!
电子书：Docker 技术入门与实战
- gofiber/fiber
⚡️ Express inspired web framework written in Go
知名 Web 框架
- k3s-io/k3s
Lightweight Kubernetes
知名 K8S 项目
- tsenart/vegeta
HTTP load testing tool and library. It's over 9000!
HTTP 压测工具
- schollz/croc
Easily and securely send things from one computer to another :crocodile: :package:
工具：文件传输
- zyedidia/micro
A modern and intuitive terminal-based text editor
工具：编辑器
- spf13/viper
Go configuration with fangs
配置管理库
- rancher/rancher
Complete container management platform
知名容器管理平台
- tmrts/go-patterns
Curated list of Go design patterns, recipes and idioms
设计模式
- go-delve/delve
Delve is a debugger for the Go programming language.
调试工具
- urfave/cli
A simple, fast, and fun package for building command line apps in Go
命令行库
- asim/go-micro
A Go microservices framework
知名 Go 微服务框架
- dgraph-io/dgraph
Native GraphQL Database with graph backend
GraphQL 数据库（？）
- dapr/dapr
Dapr is a portable, event-driven, runtime for building distributed applications across cloud and edge.
知名微服务平台
- iawia002/lux
👾 Fast and simple video download library and CLI tool written in Go
工具：视频下载
- go-kratos/kratos
Your ultimate Go microservices framework for the cloud-native era.
微服务框架
- zeromicro/go-zero
A cloud-native Go microservices framework with cli tool for productivity.
微服务框架
- valyala/fasthttp
Fast HTTP package for Go. Tuned for high performance. Zero memory allocations in hot paths. Up to 10x faster than net/http
HTTP 库
- quii/learn-go-with-tests
Learn Go with test-driven development
资料：TDD
- goharbor/harbor
An open source trusted cloud native registry project that stores, signs, and scans content.
- gorilla/websocket
A fast, well-tested and widely used WebSocket implementation for Go.
- chai2010/advanced-go-programming-book
:books: 《Go 语言高级编程》开源图书，涵盖 CGO、Go 汇编语言、RPC 实现、Protobuf 插件实现、Web 框架实现、分布式系统等高阶主题(完稿)
- restic/restic
Fast, secure, efficient backup program
- fyne-io/fyne
Cross platform GUI in Go inspired by Material Design
- gorilla/mux
A powerful HTTP router and URL matcher for building Go web servers with 🦍
知名 HTTP 路由库
- gocolly/colly
Elegant Scraper and Crawler Framework for Golang
爬虫框架
- yudai/gotty
Share your terminal as a web application
终端分享
- grafana/k6
A modern load testing tool, using Go and JavaScript - https://k6.io
测试工具
- stretchr/testify
A toolkit with common assertions and mocks that plays nicely with the standard library
- derailed/k9s
🐶 Kubernetes CLI To Manage Your Clusters In Style!
K8S 相关
- joewalnes/websocketd
Turn any program that uses STDIN/STDOUT into a WebSocket server. Like inetd, but for WebSockets.
- matryer/xbar
Put the output from any script or program into your macOS Menu Bar (the BitBar reboot)
- grpc/grpc-go
The Go language implementation of gRPC. HTTP/2 based RPC
- v2fly/v2ray-core
A platform for building proxies to bypass network restrictions.
网络工具
- grafana/loki
Like Prometheus, but for logs.
日志服务
- filebrowser/filebrowser
📂 Web File Browser
Web 项目
- uber-go/zap
Blazing fast, structured, leveled logging in Go.
知名日志库
- jaegertracing/jaeger
CNCF Jaeger, a Distributed Tracing Platform
- buger/goreplay
GoReplay is an open-source tool for capturing and replaying live HTTP traffic into a test environment in order to continuously test your system with real data. It can be used to increase confidence in code deployments, configuration changes and infrastructure changes.
- helm/charts
⚠️(OBSOLETE) Curated applications for Kubernetes
- hoanhan101/ultimate-go
The Ultimate Go Study Guide
- cloudreve/Cloudreve
🌩 支持多家云存储的云盘系统 (Self-hosted file management and sharing system, supports multiple storage providers)
- chrislusf/seaweedfs
SeaweedFS is a fast distributed storage system for blobs, objects, files, and data lake, for billions of files! Blob store has O(1) disk seek, cloud tiering. Filer supports Cloud Drive, cross-DC active-active replication, Kubernetes, POSIX FUSE mount, S3 API, S3 Gateway, Hadoop, WebDAV, encryption, Erasure Coding.
- go-redis/redis
Type-safe Redis client for Golang
- antonmedv/fx
Terminal JSON viewer
- cayleygraph/cayley
An open-source graph database
- vitessio/vitess
Vitess is a database clustering system for horizontal scaling of MySQL.
- julienschmidt/httprouter
A high performance HTTP request router that scales well
- kubernetes/kops
Kubernetes Operations (kOps) - Production Grade k8s Installation, Upgrades and Management
- containers/podman
Podman: A tool for managing OCI containers and pods.
- hashicorp/packer
Packer is a tool for creating identical machine images for multiple platforms from a single source configuration.
- docker-slim/docker-slim
DockerSlim (docker-slim): Don't change anything in your Docker container image and minify it by up to 30x (and for compiled languages even more) making it secure too! (free and open source)
- hyperledger/fabric
Hyperledger Fabric is an enterprise-grade permissioned distributed ledger framework for developing solutions and applications. Its modular and versatile design satisfies a broad range of industry use cases. It offers a unique approach to consensus that enables performance at scale while preserving privacy.
- ipfs/go-ipfs
IPFS implementation in Go
- rakyll/hey
HTTP load generator, ApacheBench (ab) replacement
- wtfutil/wtf
The personal information dashboard for your terminal
- greyireland/algorithm-pattern
算法模板，最科学的刷题方式，最快速的刷题路径，你值得拥有~
- google/cadvisor
Analyzes resource usage and performance characteristics of running containers.
- grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway
gRPC to JSON proxy generator following the gRPC HTTP spec
- inancgumus/learngo
1000+ Hand-Crafted Go Examples, Exercises, and Quizzes
- authelia/authelia
The Single Sign-On Multi-Factor portal for web apps
- flipped-aurora/gin-vue-admin
基于 vite+vue3+gin 搭建的开发基础平台（已完成 setup 语法糖版本），集成 jwt 鉴权，权限管理，动态路由，显隐可控组件，分页封装，多点登录拦截，资源权限，上传下载，代码生成器，表单生成器等开发必备功能。
- golang/dep
Go dependency management tool experiment (deprecated)
- ahmetb/kubectx
Faster way to switch between clusters and namespaces in kubectl
- txthinking/brook
A cross-platform network tool designed for developers. 一个为开发者设计的跨平台网络工具.
- xtaci/kcptun
A Stable & Secure Tunnel based on KCP with N:M multiplexing and FEC. Available for ARM, MIPS, 386 and AMD64。KCP プロトコルに基づく安全なトンネル。KCP 프로토콜을 기반으로 하는 보안 터널입니다。
- GoogleContainerTools/skaffold
Easy and Repeatable Kubernetes Development
- bcicen/ctop
Top-like interface for container metrics
- boltdb/bolt
An embedded key/value database for Go.
- kubernetes/ingress-nginx
NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes
- google/gvisor
Application Kernel for Containers
- dutchcoders/transfer.sh
Easy and fast file sharing from the command-line.
- revel/revel
A high productivity, full-stack web framework for the Go language.
- ory/hydra
OpenID Certified™ OpenID Connect and OAuth Provider written in Go - cloud native, security-first, open source API security for your infrastructure. SDKs for any language. Works with Hardware Security Modules. Compatible with MITREid.
- pulumi/pulumi
Pulumi - Universal Infrastructure as Code. Your Cloud, Your Language, Your Way 🚀
- charmbracelet/bubbletea
A powerful little TUI framework 🏗
- CodisLabs/codis
Proxy based Redis cluster solution supporting pipeline and scaling dynamically
- go-sql-driver/mysql
Go MySQL Driver is a MySQL driver for Go's (golang) database/sql package
- snail007/goproxy
🔥 Proxy is a high performance HTTP(S) proxies, SOCKS5 proxies,WEBSOCKET, TCP, UDP proxy server implemented by golang. Now, it supports chain-style proxies,nat forwarding in different lan,TCP/UDP port forwarding, SSH forwarding.Proxy 是 golang 实现的高性能 http,https,websocket,tcp,socks5 代理服务器,支持内网穿透,链式代理,通讯加密,智能 HTTP,SOCKS5 代理,黑白名单,限速,限流量,限连接数,跨平台,KCP 支持,认证 API。
- aquasecurity/trivy
Scanner for vulnerabilities in container images, file systems, and Git repositories, as well as for configuration issues and hard-coded secrets
- Netflix/chaosmonkey
Chaos Monkey is a resiliency tool that helps applications tolerate random instance failures.
- cilium/cilium
eBPF-based Networking, Security, and Observability
- casbin/casbin
An authorization library that supports access control models like ACL, RBAC, ABAC in Golang
- jmoiron/sqlx
general purpose extensions to golang's database/sql
- gravitational/teleport
Certificate authority and access plane for SSH, Kubernetes, web apps, databases and desktops
- qax-os/excelize
Go language library for reading and writing Microsoft Excel™ (XLAM / XLSM / XLSX / XLTM / XLTX) spreadsheets
- fogleman/primitive
Reproducing images with geometric primitives.
- gizak/termui
Golang terminal dashboard
- peterq/pan-light
百度网盘不限速客户端, golang + qt5, 跨平台图形界面
- AdguardTeam/AdGuardHome
Network-wide ads & trackers blocking DNS server
- influxdata/telegraf
The plugin-driven server agent for collecting & reporting metrics.
- emirpasic/gods
GoDS (Go Data Structures) - Sets, Lists, Stacks, Maps, Trees, Queues, and much more
- PuerkitoBio/goquery
A little like that j-thing, only in Go.
- go-chi/chi
lightweight, idiomatic and composable router for building Go HTTP services
- go-martini/martini
Classy web framework for Go
知名 Go Web 框架
- golang/groupcache
groupcache is a caching and cache-filling library, intended as a replacement for memcached in many cases.
知名 Go 缓存库
- bettercap/bettercap
The Swiss Army knife for 802.11, BLE, IPv4 and IPv6 networks reconnaissance and MITM attacks.
- getlantern/lantern
Lantern 官方版本下载 蓝灯 翻墙 代理 科学上网 外网 加速器 梯子 路由 lantern proxy vpn censorship-circumvention censorship gfw accelerator
- kubernetes/dashboard
General-purpose web UI for Kubernetes clusters
- micro/micro
API first development platform
- gopherjs/gopherjs
A compiler from Go to JavaScript for running Go code in a browser
- halfrost/Halfrost-Field
✍🏻 这里是写博客的地方 —— Halfrost-Field 冰霜之地
- containerd/containerd
An open and reliable container runtime
- argoproj/argo-workflows
Workflow engine for Kubernetes
- hashicorp/nomad
Nomad is an easy-to-use, flexible, and performant workload orchestrator that can deploy a mix of microservice, batch, containerized, and non-containerized applications. Nomad is easy to operate and scale and has native Consul and Vault integrations.
- elastic/beats
:tropical_fish: Beats - Lightweight shippers for Elasticsearch & Logstash
- nats-io/nats-server
High-Performance server for NATS.io, the cloud and edge native messaging system.
- json-iterator/go
A high-performance 100% compatible drop-in replacement of "encoding/json"
- tomnomnom/gron
Make JSON greppable!
- dgraph-io/badger
Fast key-value DB in Go.
- ent/ent
An entity framework for Go
- containrrr/watchtower
A process for automating Docker container base image updates.
- dolthub/dolt
Dolt – It's Git for Data
- talkgo/night
Weekly Go Online Meetup via Bilibili ｜ Go 夜读｜通过 bilibili 在线直播的方式分享 Go 相关的技术话题，每天大家在微信/telegram/Slack 上及时沟通交流编程技术话题。
- geektutu/7days-golang
7 days golang programs from scratch (web framework Gee, distributed cache GeeCache, object relational mapping ORM framework GeeORM, rpc framework GeeRPC etc) 7 天用 Go 动手写/从零实现系列
- FiloSottile/age
A simple, modern and secure encryption tool (and Go library) with small explicit keys, no config options, and UNIX-style composability.
- ardanlabs/gotraining
Go Training Class Material :
- google/grumpy
Grumpy is a Python to Go source code transcompiler and runtime.
- go-playground/validator
:100:Go Struct and Field validation, including Cross Field, Cross Struct, Map, Slice and Array diving
- rqlite/rqlite
The lightweight, distributed relational database built on SQLite
- milvus-io/milvus
An open-source vector database for scalable similarity search and AI applications.
- GoogleContainerTools/kaniko
Build Container Images In Kubernetes
- thanos-io/thanos
Highly available Prometheus setup with long term storage capabilities. A CNCF Incubating project.
- dgrijalva/jwt-go
ARCHIVE - Golang implementation of JSON Web Tokens (JWT). This project is now maintained at:
- golangci/golangci-lint
Fast linters Runner for Go
- tidwall/gjson
Get JSON values quickly - JSON parser for Go
- git-lfs/git-lfs
Git extension for versioning large files
- sqshq/sampler
Tool for shell commands execution, visualization and alerting. Configured with a simple YAML file.
- OpenDiablo2/OpenDiablo2
An open source re-implementation of Diablo 2
- goreleaser/goreleaser
Deliver Go binaries as fast and easily as possible
- mailhog/MailHog
Web and API based SMTP testing
SMTP 工具
- github/gh-ost
GitHub's Online Schema Migrations for MySQL
Golang
2020-12-21
开始在学习 Go 语言了，先在 GitHub 上找一批小项目用来学习。
- julienschmidt/httprouter
A high performance HTTP request router that scales well
- golang/groupcache
groupcache is a caching and cache-filling library, intended as a replacement for memcached in many cases.
- robfig/cron
a cron library for go
- jroimartin/gocui
Minimalist Go package aimed at creating Console User Interfaces.
- tylertreat/comcast
Simulating shitty network connections so you can build better systems.
- pkg/errors
Simple error handling primitives
- schachmat/wego
weather app for the terminal
- teh-cmc/go-internals
A book about the internals of the Go programming language.
- simeji/jid
json incremental digger
- patrickmn/go-cache
An in-memory key:value store/cache (similar to Memcached) library for Go, suitable for single-machine applications.
- wercker/stern
⎈ Multi pod and container log tailing for Kubernetes
- allegro/bigcache
Efficient cache for gigabytes of data written in Go.
- microsoft/ethr
Ethr is a Comprehensive Network Measurement Tool for TCP, UDP & ICMP.
- samber/lo
💥 A Lodash-style Go library based on Go 1.18+ Generics (map, filter, contains, find...)
- goproxyio/goproxy
A global proxy for Go modules.
- eranyanay/1m-go-websockets
handling 1M websockets connections in Go
- fogleman/nes
NES emulator written in Go.
- inconshreveable/ngrok
Introspected tunnels to localhost
- sirupsen/logrus
Structured, pluggable logging for Go.
- tmrts/go-patterns
Curated list of Go design patterns, recipes and idioms
- gorilla/websocket
A fast, well-tested and widely used WebSocket implementation for Go.
- gorilla/mux
A powerful HTTP router and URL matcher for building Go web servers with 🦍
- julienschmidt/httprouter
A high performance HTTP request router that scales well
- rakyll/hey
HTTP load generator, ApacheBench (ab) replacement
- ahmetb/kubectx
Faster way to switch between clusters and namespaces in kubectl
- charmbracelet/bubbletea
A powerful little TUI framework 🏗
- jmoiron/sqlx
general purpose extensions to golang's database/sql
- emirpasic/gods
GoDS (Go Data Structures) - Sets, Lists, Stacks, Maps, Trees, Queues, and much more
- PuerkitoBio/goquery
A little like that j-thing, only in Go.
- go-martini/martini
Classy web framework for Go
- golang/groupcache
groupcache is a caching and cache-filling library, intended as a replacement for memcached in many cases.
- FiloSottile/age
A simple, modern and secure encryption tool (and Go library) with small explicit keys, no config options, and UNIX-style composability.
- dgrijalva/jwt-go
ARCHIVE - Golang implementation of JSON Web Tokens (JWT). This project is now maintained at:
- tidwall/gjson
Get JSON values quickly - JSON parser for Go
Golang
2020-12-19
https://github.com/moovweb/gvm 
安装
bash < <(curl -s -S -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/moovweb/gvm/master/binscripts/gvm-installer)
使用
source ~/.gvm/scripts/gvm
gvm listall
# gvm 默认从 github 克隆代码到本地，然后进行编译
# 可以采用 gitee 仓库加速
git clone git@gitee.com:mirrors/go ~/.gvm/archive/go
gvm install go1.16
gvm list
gvm use go1.16
go version
# go version go1.16 linux/amd64
Golang
2020-12-18
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"reflect"
)
type Address struct {
City string `json:"city"`
Country string `json:"country"`
}
type User struct {
Username string `json:"username"`
Password string `json:"password"`
}
type Person struct {
Name string `json:"name"`
Age int `json:"age"`
Address Address `json:"address"`
// 这么写，JSON 会多一层
// User `json:"user"`
User
}
func (p Person) SayHello() {
fmt.Println("Hello, my name is", p.Name)
}
func main() {
person := Person{
Name: "Bob",
Age: 30,
Address: Address{
City: "London",
Country: "UK",
},
User: User{
Username: "bob1999",
Password: "pa55w0rd",
},
}
// 属性操作
fmt.Println("Name:", person.Name)
fmt.Println("Age:", person.Age)
fmt.Println("City:", person.Address.City)
fmt.Println("Country:", person.Address.Country)
fmt.Println("Username:", person.Username)
fmt.Println("Password:", person.Password)
fmt.Printf("%+v\n", person)
fmt.Printf("%#v\n", person)
// 方法调用
person.SayHello()
// 通过反射获取标签内容
t := reflect.TypeOf(person)
for i := 0; i < t.NumField(); i++ {
field := t.Field(i)
tag := field.Tag.Get("json")
fmt.Println(field.Name, ":", tag)
}
// JSON 序列化
jsonData, err := json.Marshal(person)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
fmt.Println("JSON:", string(jsonData))
}
// Name: Bob
// Age: 30
// City: London
// Country: UK
// Username: bob1999
// Password: pa55w0rd
// main.Person{name:"Bob", age:30, address:main.Address{city:"London", country:"UK"}, User:main.User{username:"bob1999", password:"pa55w0rd"}}
其他知识点：
-
字段名大小写问题：首字母小写的话，只有本包可以访问
-
Zero-value Struct
type Fruit struct {
name string
}
var apple Fruit
fmt.Println(apple) // {}
- new 关键字
package main
import "fmt"
type Employee struct {
Name string
Age int
}
func main() {
p := new(Employee)
fmt.Println(p) // &{ 0}
var p2 Employee
fmt.Println(p2) // { 0}
p3 := Employee{"Me", 30}
fmt.Println(p3) // {Me 30}
}
- struct 字面量
type Person struct {
Name string
Age int
Email string
}
p1 := Person{
Name: "Alice",
Age: 25,
Email: "alice@example.com",
}
p2 := Person {"Alice", 25, "alice@example.com"}
-
指针
-
匿名结构体
package main
import (
"fmt"
)
func main() {
user := struct {
username string
}{
username: "admin",
}
fmt.Printf("%+v\n", user)
// {username:admin}
fmt.Printf("%#v\n", user)
// struct { username string }{username:"admin"}
fmt.Printf("%v\n", user)
// {admin}
fmt.Println(user)
// {admin}
}
场景：
- 定义一个临时结构体接收反序列化数据
-
内嵌结构体
-
匿名属性（或者应该叫啥，我也不知道）
-
内嵌类型不能重复，
- 前面的例子可以看出，可以直接访问匿名属性（结构体）内部属性，
- 但是如果同名就只能老老实实通过类型名字来访问了
package main
import (
"fmt"
)
type Book struct {
string // book name (anno field)
// syntax error: unexpected [, expected field name or embedded type
// []Author
Authors []Author // slice of authors
Publisher
}
type Author struct {
string // author name (anno field)
}
type Publisher struct {
string // publisher name (anno field)
}
func main() {
p := Book{
string: "Learning Python",
Authors: []Author{
{string: "Stanley B.Lippman"},
{string: "Josée LaJoie"},
{"Barbara E.Moo"},
},
Publisher: Publisher{"人民邮电出版社"},
}
p.string = "C++ Primer" // change attr
fmt.Println(p)
fmt.Printf("%v\n", p)
fmt.Printf("%+v\n", p)
fmt.Printf("%#v\n", p)
fmt.Printf("%v\n", p.string)
fmt.Printf("%v\n", p.Authors[0].string)
fmt.Printf("%v\n", p.Publisher)
fmt.Printf("%v\n", p.Publisher.string)
}
// {C++ Primer [{Stanley B.Lippman} {Josée LaJoie} {Barbara E.Moo}] {人民邮电出版社}}
// {C++ Primer [{Stanley B.Lippman} {Josée LaJoie} {Barbara E.Moo}] {人民邮电出版社}}
// {string:C++ Primer Authors:[{string:Stanley B.Lippman} {string:Josée LaJoie} {string:Barbara E.Moo}] Publisher:{string:人民邮电出版社}}
// main.Book{string:"C++ Primer", Authors:[]main.Author{main.Author{string:"Stanley B.Lippman"}, main.Author{string:"Josée LaJoie"}, main.Author{string:"Barbara E.Moo"}}, Publisher:main.Publisher{string:"人民邮电出版社"}}
// C++ Primer
// Stanley B.Lippman
// {人民邮电出版社}
// 人民邮电出版社
- 将函数通过属性的方式定义
type FoodNameGetter func(string) string
type Food struct {
name string
getter FoodNameGetter // declare function
}
pizza := Food{
name: "Pizza",
getter: func(name string) string { // declare function body
return "This is " + name + "."
},
}
- 结构体比较
如果类型和值相同，就等于。
package main
import "fmt"
type Teacher struct {
name string
}
type Student struct {
name string
}
func main() {
s1 := Student{"John"}
s2 := Student{"John"}
fmt.Println(s1 == s2) // true
// invalid operation: s1 == t1 (mismatched types Student and Teacher)
// t1 := Teacher{"John"}
// fmt.Println(s1 == t1)
}
参考资料与拓展阅读
Golang
2020-12-18
点后直接括号
- type assertion 类型断言
- type switch 类型判断
Golang 是强类型的语言，这两种语法都是只对 interface{} 有效。
package main
import "fmt"
func test(value interface{}) {
switch value.(type) {
case string:
fmt.Printf("%#v\n", value)
}
}
func test2(value interface{}) {
v1, ok := value.([]byte)
fmt.Printf("%#v, %#v\n", v1, ok)
v2, ok := value.(string)
fmt.Printf("%#v, %#v\n", v2, ok)
}
func main() {
a := "abc"
test(a)
test2(a)
}
OpenSSL X.509 TLSCert
2020-12-17
Golang
2020-12-15
声明
# array
[length]Type
[length]Type{v1, v2, ..., vn}
[...]Type{v1, v2, ..., vn}
# slice
[]Type
[]Type{v1, v2, ..., vn}
make([]Type, length)
make([]Type, length, capacity)
我想尝试动态创建数组（通过 arrLen 变量），没有找到方法，可能这就是静态类型语言吧。
所以，数组必须在写代码的时候就明确长度。否则就应该用切片。
此外，数组应该算是值类型。赋值的时候，会完全复制一份，传参也是一样。
Slice 等于数组指针 + 长度 + 容量。
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
var a []int
fmt.Printf("%#v \t%d %d\n", a, len(a), cap(a)) // []int(nil) 0 0
b := []int{1, 2, 3}
fmt.Printf("%#v \t%d %d\n", b, len(b), cap(b)) // []int{1, 2, 3} 3 3
var c [3]int
fmt.Printf("%#v \t%d %d\n", c, len(c), cap(c)) // [3]int{0, 0, 0} 3 3
d := [...]int{1, 2, 3}
fmt.Printf("%#v \t%d %d\n", d, len(d), cap(d)) // [3]int{1, 2, 3} 3 3
d2 := [...]int{3: 100}
fmt.Printf("%#v \t%d %d\n", d2, len(d2), cap(d2)) // [4]int{0, 0, 0, 100} 4 4
e := d[:]
fmt.Printf("%#v \t%d %d\n", e, len(e), cap(e)) // []int{1, 2, 3} 3 3
// 动态创建切片
f := make([]int, 3, 10)
fmt.Printf("%#v \t%d %d\n", f, len(f), cap(f)) // []int{0, 0, 0} 3 10
// new 返回指针
g := new([]int)
fmt.Printf("%#v \t%d %d\n", g, len(*g), cap(*g)) // &[]int(nil) 0 0
h := new([3]int)
fmt.Printf("%#v \t%d %d\n", h, len(*h), cap(*h)) // &[]int{0, 0, 0} 3 3
type User struct {
Username string
Password string
}
users := []User{
{"a", "pass1"},
{"b", "pass2"}, // 这样分行写的话，不能省略这个逗号
}
fmt.Printf("%+v \t%d %d\n", users, len(users), cap(users))
// [{Username:a Password:pass1} {Username:b Password:pass2}] 2 2
}
索引
a[n]
a[n:m]
a[n:]
a[:m]
a[:]
// 索引为负数
// invalid argument: index -1 (constant of type int) must not be negative
// 索引越界
// invalid argument: array index 10 out of bounds [0:5]
遍历
for i := 0; i < len(arr); i++ {
val := arr[i]
// ...
}
for i, val := range arrayVar {
// ...
}
// 如果只有一个变量接收遍历的值，那么这个变量将是 index
// 这个地方总是容易写错，要小心
for i := range arrayVar {
val := arrayVar[i]
// ...
}
复制
s1 := []int{1, 3, 6}
s2 := append([]int{}, s1...)
fmt.Printf("%#v %p\n", s1, s1)
fmt.Printf("%#v %p\n", s2, s2)
s3 := make([]int, len(s1))
copy(s3, s1)
fmt.Printf("%#v %p\n", s3, s3)
注意：copy 复制内容的长度以 src，dst 中较小的长度为准。
删除
a := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
// del a[3]
a = append(a[:3], a[4:]...)
插入
// 在尾部插入一个
a = append(a, ele)
// 在尾部插入一个数组或切片
a = append(a, arr...)
// copy 也是一种方法
a := [10]int{1, 2, 3}
b := []int{4, 5, 6}
copy(a[3:], b)
// WRONG!
a := []int{1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7}
tmp := a[:3]
tmp = append(tmp, 4)
fmt.Println(a) // [1 2 3 4 6 7]
func insert(slice []int, index int, num int) []int {
rest_len := len(slice) - index
tmp := make([]int, rest_len, len(slice)+1)
copy(tmp, slice[:index])
tmp[index] = num
tmp = append(tmp, slice[index:]...)
return tmp
}
弹出
数组长度固定无法执行“弹出”操作，但是可以删除其中的一个节点。
nums := []int{1, 2, 3, 4}
first := nums[0]
nums = nums[1:]
last := nums[len(nums) - 1]
nums := nums[:len(nums) - 1]
合并
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
a := []int{1, 2, 3}
b := []int{1, 2, 3}
c := [3]int{4, 5, 6}
d := [3]int{4, 5, 6}
// 切片合并
e := append(a, b...)
fmt.Printf("%#v, %#v, %#v\n", a, b, e)
f := append(c[:], d[:]...)
fmt.Printf("%#v, %#v, %#v\n", c, d, f)
g := [6]int{}
for i, v := range a {
g[i] = v
}
length := len(a)
for i, v := range a {
g[i+length] = v
}
fmt.Printf("%#v\n", g)
h := [6]int{}
// func copy(dst, src []Type) int
copy(h[:], a)
fmt.Printf("%#v\n", h)
copy(h[3:], a)
fmt.Printf("%#v\n", h)
}
排序
package main
import (
"fmt"
"sort"
)
func main() {
nums := []int{9, 5, 2, 7, 1}
sort.Ints(nums)
fmt.Println(nums)
}
- sort.Strings
- sort.Float64s
Golang
2020-12-11
godoc -http=:6060 -index -play -timestamps -v
# 如果在 go 模块目录执行，会列出本地依赖包的文档
# using module mode; GOMOD=xxx.mod
go doc fmt
go doc fmt.Println
go doc fmt Println
go doc -src fmt Println
# 查看本地包文档
go doc github.com/astaxie/beego
go doc github.com/astaxie/beego Listen
go doc -all github.com/astaxie/bee
PS: 关于 Go 项目文档
- 紧挨者
package, const, type, func 等关键字的注释
问题
C:\Users\admin>godoc -http=:6060 -index -play -timestamps -v
'godoc' 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序
或批处理文件。
新版本不再自带 godoc 工具，需要另外安装：
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/godoc@latest