Linux Systemd
2019-12-21
apt-file list systemd | grep bin/
systemd: /bin/journalctl
systemd: /bin/loginctl
systemd: /bin/networkctl
systemd: /bin/systemctl
systemd: /bin/systemd
systemd: /bin/systemd-ask-password
systemd: /bin/systemd-escape
systemd: /bin/systemd-inhibit
systemd: /bin/systemd-machine-id-setup
systemd: /bin/systemd-notify
systemd: /bin/systemd-sysext
systemd: /bin/systemd-sysusers
systemd: /bin/systemd-tmpfiles
systemd: /bin/systemd-tty-ask-password-agent
systemd: /usr/bin/bootctl
systemd: /usr/bin/busctl
systemd: /usr/bin/hostnamectl
systemd: /usr/bin/kernel-install
systemd: /usr/bin/localectl
systemd: /usr/bin/resolvectl
systemd: /usr/bin/systemd-analyze
systemd: /usr/bin/systemd-cat
systemd: /usr/bin/systemd-cgls
systemd: /usr/bin/systemd-cgtop
systemd: /usr/bin/systemd-cryptenroll
systemd: /usr/bin/systemd-delta
systemd: /usr/bin/systemd-detect-virt
systemd: /usr/bin/systemd-id128
systemd: /usr/bin/systemd-mount
systemd: /usr/bin/systemd-path
systemd: /usr/bin/systemd-resolve
systemd: /usr/bin/systemd-run
systemd: /usr/bin/systemd-socket-activate
systemd: /usr/bin/systemd-stdio-bridge
systemd: /usr/bin/systemd-umount
systemd: /usr/bin/timedatectl
journalctl
loginctl
networkctl
systemctl
systemd
systemd-ask-password
systemd-escape
systemd-inhibit
systemd-machine-id-setup
systemd-notify
systemd-sysext
systemd-sysusers
systemd-tmpfiles
systemd-tty-ask-password-agent
bootctl
busctl
hostnamectl
kernel-install
localectl
resolvectl
systemd-analyze
systemd-cat
systemd-cgls
systemd-cgtop
systemd-cryptenroll
systemd-delta
systemd-detect-virt
systemd-id128
systemd-mount
systemd-path
systemd-resolve
systemd-run
systemd-socket-activate
systemd-stdio-bridge
systemd-umount
timedatectl
ps -ef | grep -E "systemd|systemd|dns|dhcp|udevd" | grep -Fv grep
root 333 1 0 10:00 ? 00:00:05 /lib/systemd/systemd-journald
root 419 1 0 10:00 ? 00:00:01 /lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
systemd+ 546 1 0 10:00 ? 00:00:07 /lib/systemd/systemd-oomd
systemd+ 547 1 0 10:00 ? 00:00:00 /lib/systemd/systemd-resolved
systemd+ 548 1 0 10:00 ? 00:00:00 /lib/systemd/systemd-timesyncd
message+ 573 1 0 10:00 ? 00:00:04 @dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation --syslog-only
root 680 1 0 10:00 ? 00:00:00 /lib/systemd/systemd-logind
root 682 1 0 10:00 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/thermald --systemd --dbus-enable --adaptive
markjour 2508 1 0 10:05 ? 00:00:01 /lib/systemd/systemd --user
markjour 2523 2508 0 10:05 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --session --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation --syslog-only
markjour 5461 2508 0 10:11 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gnome-session-binary --systemd-service --session=ubuntu
root 6630 1 0 10:15 ? 00:00:00 systemd-tty-ask-password-agent --wall
Linux Systemd
2019-12-21
Unit Commands:
list-units [PATTERN...] List units currently in memory
list-sockets [PATTERN...] List socket units currently in memory,
ordered by address
list-timers [PATTERN...] List timer units currently in memory,
ordered by next elapse
is-active PATTERN... Check whether units are active
is-failed PATTERN... Check whether units are failed
status [PATTERN...|PID...] Show runtime status of one or more units
show [PATTERN...|JOB...] Show properties of one or more
units/jobs or the manager
cat PATTERN... Show files and drop-ins of specified units
help PATTERN...|PID... Show manual for one or more units
list-dependencies [UNIT...] Recursively show units which are required
or wanted by the units or by which those
units are required or wanted
start UNIT... Start (activate) one or more units
stop UNIT... Stop (deactivate) one or more units
reload UNIT... Reload one or more units
restart UNIT... Start or restart one or more units
try-restart UNIT... Restart one or more units if active
reload-or-restart UNIT... Reload one or more units if possible,
otherwise start or restart
try-reload-or-restart UNIT... If active, reload one or more units,
if supported, otherwise restart
isolate UNIT Start one unit and stop all others
kill UNIT... Send signal to processes of a unit
clean UNIT... Clean runtime, cache, state, logs or
configuration of unit
freeze PATTERN... Freeze execution of unit processes
thaw PATTERN... Resume execution of a frozen unit
set-property UNIT PROPERTY=VALUE... Sets one or more properties of a unit
bind UNIT PATH [PATH] Bind-mount a path from the host into a
unit's namespace
mount-image UNIT PATH [PATH [OPTS]] Mount an image from the host into a
unit's namespace
service-log-level SERVICE [LEVEL] Get/set logging threshold for service
service-log-target SERVICE [TARGET] Get/set logging target for service
reset-failed [PATTERN...] Reset failed state for all, one, or more
units
Unit File Commands:
list-unit-files [PATTERN...] List installed unit files
enable [UNIT...|PATH...] Enable one or more unit files
disable UNIT... Disable one or more unit files
reenable UNIT... Reenable one or more unit files
preset UNIT... Enable/disable one or more unit files
based on preset configuration
preset-all Enable/disable all unit files based on
preset configuration
is-enabled UNIT... Check whether unit files are enabled
mask UNIT... Mask one or more units
unmask UNIT... Unmask one or more units
link PATH... Link one or more units files into
the search path
revert UNIT... Revert one or more unit files to vendor
version
add-wants TARGET UNIT... Add 'Wants' dependency for the target
on specified one or more units
add-requires TARGET UNIT... Add 'Requires' dependency for the target
on specified one or more units
edit UNIT... Edit one or more unit files
get-default Get the name of the default target
set-default TARGET Set the default target
Machine Commands:
list-machines [PATTERN...] List local containers and host
Job Commands:
list-jobs [PATTERN...] List jobs
cancel [JOB...] Cancel all, one, or more jobs
Environment Commands:
show-environment Dump environment
set-environment VARIABLE=VALUE... Set one or more environment variables
unset-environment VARIABLE... Unset one or more environment variables
import-environment VARIABLE... Import all or some environment variables
Manager State Commands:
daemon-reload Reload systemd manager configuration
daemon-reexec Reexecute systemd manager
log-level [LEVEL] Get/set logging threshold for manager
log-target [TARGET] Get/set logging target for manager
service-watchdogs [BOOL] Get/set service watchdog state
System Commands:
is-system-running Check whether system is fully running
default Enter system default mode
rescue Enter system rescue mode
emergency Enter system emergency mode
halt Shut down and halt the system
poweroff Shut down and power-off the system
reboot Shut down and reboot the system
kexec Shut down and reboot the system with kexec
exit [EXIT_CODE] Request user instance or container exit
switch-root ROOT [INIT] Change to a different root file system
suspend Suspend the system
hibernate Hibernate the system
hybrid-sleep Hibernate and suspend the system
suspend-then-hibernate Suspend the system, wake after a period of
time, and hibernate
Linux Systemd
2019-12-20
开源中国上看到 Debian 正在投票是否支持非 systemd 初始化系统。
- 2014 年素来混乱的 Debian 社区,经过了一番激烈争论之后(甚至是生命安全威胁),终于决定支持 systemd。
PS: 这场争议导致部分核心人员离开,主要是对 Debian 社区的管理机制(混乱 “民主”)产生质疑。
- 2015 年 5 月发布的 Debian 8.0 (Jessie) 开始使用 Systemd 当默认的初始化系统。
但是关于 Systemd 的争论从未停止,甚至有部分开发者独自维护了一个拒绝 Systemd 的分叉:Devuan。
Systemd 真是闹出好大争议,和 GNOME3 一样。也正是有 GNOME3 的例子(社区总体来说,或者说大多数人,最后还是拥抱了变化,接纳 GNOME3),而且我只是一个实用主义的使用者,我觉得 Systemd 挺好的,能提升性能、使用又方便,为什么不呢。