开发工具 Windows
2021-02-14
Windows CMD 太挫,中文字体选择少,XP, Win7 下只有点阵字体 (fixedsys) 和新宋体,Win10 字体又多了几个,但效果页不太好。
不过 Win10 的话,可能是半年前吧,微软新出来了一个 Windows Terminal 的虚拟终端,就现代化多了。现在我在 Windows 下(偶尔)一般都是用的新版 Terminal + PowerShell,听方便。
但如果由于 OS 版本等问题,离不开 cmd 的话,有两个方法,一个是使用第三方终端模拟器,比如 cmder;再一个就是想办法定制一下 cmd 的字体。
我在这里记录一下之前使用的一个方案失效地址(确认有效,不过好久都没有用了)。
Windows
2020-05-27
- 虚拟内存相关
pagefile.sys
:Windows 的交换(SWAP)文件。默认在 C 盘根目录,和内存一样大,可以在“高级系统设置”中更改其位置和大小。
hiberfil.sys
:休眠模式系统状态转储文件。一般也会有几个 G。
swapfile.sys
:Win10 引入,作用和 pagefile.sys 相同,但他的大小可以自动调整。
desktop.ini
:文件夹配置文件(隐藏文件),用于自定义文件夹的外观和行为。
thumbs.db
:缩略图缓存文件(隐藏文件),用于加快文件夹中图像文件的显示速度。
ntuser.dat
:用户配置文件(隐藏文件),包含了用户的注册表设置和个人偏好。
boot.ini
:启动配置文件,用于指定启动选项和操作系统位置。
Git Windows
2020-03-22
Git 在团队协作的情况下容易遇到很多小问题,有一类是由于跨平台的系统差异导致的。有人习惯 Windows 下开发,有人习惯 Linux 下开发。
最常见的是这么四个问题:
- 文件权限问题
- 基本上我还没有遇到有需要给仓库中的文件设置权限的情况,但是由于权限的变更导致提交进来没有内容更改的文件就完全没有必要
- 所以非常必要设置
core.filemode false
chmod 644 *.md
- 换行符问题
- Windows 新建的文件都是
\r\n
换行,Linux 则是 \n
core.autocrlf true
可以在 checkout 的时候根据系统自动转换换行符
- 但是我觉得这个可能放到 hook 里面,在提交检查的时候一起做更加合适
dos2unix *.md
-
软链接问题
-
Linux 下的软链接切到 Windows 下之后,变成了一个普通文本,内容是链接的路径
core.symlinks true
可以解决这个问题,这也是默认值,可是有些时候我们的环境中配置的就是 false
- 我的 Git for Windows 不知道为什么,system 配置就是设置成 false 了
- 有些情况下,项目配置似乎就默认是 false
- 如果已经成为现实了,软链是个文本,我们改配置,重新添加,然后 pull 到本地可以
core.symlinks
If false, symbolic links are checked out as small plain files that contain the link text. git-update-index
and git-add
will not change the recorded type to regular file. Useful on filesystems like FAT that do not support symbolic links.
The default is true, except git-clone
or git-init
will probe and set core.symlinks
false if appropriate when the repository is created.
- 文件名大小写问题
- Linux 大小写敏感,比如 Apple.txt 和 apple.txt 可以在同一个目录,Windows 环境克隆下来,只能看到一个文件 apple.txt
- 没什么好的办法,应该也是在提交的时候作为风格检查
$ git config --list --global | grep sym
$ git config --list --system | grep sym
core.symlinks=false
$ git config --list --local | grep sym
core.symlinks=false
关于链接的另一个办法
CSDN 博客上看到 《windows上使用git仓库的问题(换行符、文件权限、软链接)》,里面提出下面这个思路。
虽然代码不够严谨,但是思路应该是没有问题的。以后遇到问题可以参考(还没有验证):
- 找出链接文件
- 创建 Windows 链接
- 操作索引区,忽略这个变更
import os
def rindex(lst, value):
try:
return lst.rindex(value)
except ValueError:
return -1
# find symbol link files or dirs
fp = os.popen("git ls-files -s | awk '/120000/{print $4}'")
links = fp.read().strip().split("\n")
# get symbol links' parent dir
link_dir = set()
for link in links:
index = rindex(link, "/")
if (index != -1):
link_dir.add(link[:index])
else:
link_dir.add(".")
work_dir = os.getcwd()
# make link for every symbol link
for d in link_dir:
os.chdir("/".join([work_dir,d]))
fp = os.popen("ls -la")
items = fp.read().strip().split("\n")
for item in items:
if "->" in item:
tks = item.split("->")
src = tks[0].strip().split(" ")[-1]
dst = tks[1].strip().split("/")
if (len(dst) > 1):
dst = "\\\\".join(dst)
else:
dst = dst[0]
print ("link " + src + " -> " + dst)
os.popen("rm " + src)
if (os.path.isfile(dst)):
os.popen("cmd /c mklink /H " + src + " " + dst)
else:
os.popen("cmd /c mklink /j " + src + " " + dst)
# make links unchanged
os.popen("git update-index --assume-unchanged " + "/".join([os.getcwd(), src]))
参考资料与拓展阅读
Windows
2020-03-19
https://msdn.itellyou.cn/
Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2019
# x64
Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2019 (x64) - DVD (Chinese-Simplified)
文件名:cn_windows_10_enterprise_ltsc_2019_x64_dvd_9c09ff24.iso
SHA1:24b59706d5eded392423936c82ba5a83596b50cc
文件大小:4.17GB
发布时间:2019-03-15
ed2k://|file|cn_windows_10_enterprise_ltsc_2019_x64_dvd_9c09ff24.iso|4478906368|E7C526499308841A4A6D116C857DB669|/
# x86 (32 位)
Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2019 (x86) - DVD (Chinese-Simplified)
文件名:cn_windows_10_enterprise_ltsc_2019_x86_dvd_1814dbab.iso
SHA1:ba2169edd94f123211cd4aaca68352f1ab6195d9
文件大小:2.98GB
发布时间:2019-03-15
ed2k://|file|cn_windows_10_enterprise_ltsc_2019_x86_dvd_1814dbab.iso|3196803072|2D39C54A2E99BAC308191C74A15B3237|/
Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2021 (x64) - DVD (Chinese-Simplified)
文件:SW_DVD9_WIN_ENT_LTSC_2021_64BIT_ChnSimp_MLF_X22-84402.ISO
大小:4.7GB
MD5:2579B3865C0591EAD3A2B45AF3CABEEE
SHA1:C19D7DAFBAFEB26C36E31D97C465E87C7A6E8A4C
SHA256:C117C5DDBC51F315C739F9321D4907FA50090BA7B48E7E9A2D173D49EF2F73A3
ed2k://|file|SW_DVD9_WIN_ENT_LTSC_2021_64BIT_ChnSimp_MLF_X22-84402.ISO|5044211712|1555B7DCA052B5958EE68DB58A42408D|/
Windows 11
ed2k://|file|zh-cn_windows_11_business_editions_version_22h2_updated_nov_2022_x64_dvd_3623b3e1.iso|5567041536|B83E64D03E93B418840E5B270E164005|/
Windows
2018-01-26
我想开机启动 TIM,但是 TIM 的设置没有用,重启之后这个选项又自己取消了,只好另外寻找方法。
发现这个方法就挺好用,只需把应用程序的快捷方式复制到一个目录。
这三个方法都可以用资源管理器打开这个目录:
win + r
然后 shell:startup
回车
explorer %appdata%\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup
explorer %userprofile%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup
Windows 命令行
2018-01-15
Active Directory
ADmodcmd
Active Directory Bulk Modify
CSVDE
Import or Export Active Directory data
DSACLs
Active Directory ACLs
DSAdd
Add items to active directory (user group computer)
DSGet
View items in active directory (user group computer)
DSQuery
Search for items in active directory (user group computer)
DSMod
Modify items in active directory (user group computer)
DSMove
Move an Active directory Object
DSRM
Remove items from Active Directory
Batch Files
CALL
Call one batch program from another 内部命令
CHOICE
Accept keyboard input to a batch file
CLIP
Copy STDIN to the Windows clipboard
CLS
Clear the screen 内部命令
CMD
Start a new CMD shell
COLOR
Change colors of the CMD window 内部命令
DOSKEY
Edit command line, recall commands, and create macros
ECHO
Display message on screen 内部命令
ENDLOCAL
End localisation of environment changes in a batch file 内部命令
EVENTCREATE
Add a message to the Windows event log
EXIT
Quit the current script/routine and set an errorlevel 内部命令
FOR /F
Loop command: against a set of files 内部命令
FOR /F
Loop command: against the results of another command 内部命令
FOR
Loop command: all options Files, Directory, List 内部命令
GOTO
Direct a batch program to jump to a labelled line 内部命令
IF
Conditionally perform a command 内部命令
IFMEMBER
Is the current user a member of a Workgroup
LOGTIME
Log the date and time in a file
MAPISEND
Send email from the command line
MORE
Display output, one screen at a time
PAUSE
Suspend processing of a batch file and display a message 内部命令
PROMPT
Change the command prompt 内部命令
REM
Record comments (remarks) in a batch file 内部命令
RUN
Start | RUN commands
RUNAS
Execute a program under a different user account
SET
Display, set, or remove session environment variables 内部命令
SETLOCAL
Control the visibility of environment variables 内部命令
SETX
Set environment variables
SORT
Sort input
SHIFT
Shift the position of batch file parameters 内部命令
SLEEP
Wait for x seconds
START
Start a program, command or batch file 内部命令
TIMEOUT
Delay processing of a batch file
TITLE
Set the window title for a CMD.EXE session 内部命令
WAITFOR
Wait for or send a signal
WMIC
WMI Commands
::
Comment / Remark 内部命令
Disk Management
BCDBOOT
Create or repair a system partition
BCDEDIT
Manage Boot Configuration Data
CONVERT
Convert a FAT drive to NTFS
CHKDSK
Check Disk - check and repair disk problems
CHKNTFS
Check the NTFS file system
DEFRAG
Defragment hard drive
DISKPART
Disk Administration
DISKSHADOW
Volume Shadow Copy Service
DriverQuery
Display installed device drivers
FORMAT
Format a disk
FREEDISK
Check free disk space (in bytes)
LABEL
Edit a disk label
MOUNTVOL
Manage a volume mount point
NTBACKUP
Backup folders to tape
SFC
System File Checker
VOL
Display a disk label 内部命令
Files and Folders
ASSOC
Change file extension associations 内部命令
ASSOCIAT
One step file association
ATTRIB
Change file attributes
BITSADMIN
Background Intelligent Transfer Service
CACLS
Change file permissions
CD
Change Directory - move to a specific Folder 内部命令
CIPHER
Encrypt or Decrypt files/folders
COMP
Compare the contents of two files or sets of files
COMPACT
Compress files or folders on an NTFS partition
COMPRESS
Compress individual files on an NTFS partition
COPY
Copy one or more files to another location 内部命令
CSCcmd
Client-side caching (Offline Files)
DEL
Delete one or more files 内部命令
DELTREE
Delete a folder and all subfolders
DIR
Display a list of files and folders 内部命令
ERASE
Delete one or more files 内部命令
EXPAND
Uncompress files
EXTRACT
Uncompress CAB files
FC
Compare two files
FIND
Search for a text string in a file
FINDSTR
Search for strings in files
FORFILES
Batch process multiple files
FSUTIL
File and Volume utilities
FTP
File Transfer Protocol
FTYPE
File extension file type associations 内部命令
iCACLS
Change file and folder permissions
MD
Create new folders 内部命令
MOVE
Move files from one folder to another 内部命令
MKLINK
Create a symbolic link (linkd)
OPENFILES
Query or display open files
POPD
Return to a previous directory saved by PUSHD 内部命令
PsFile
Show files opened remotely
PUSHD
Save and then change the current directory 内部命令
RECOVER
Recover a damaged file from a defective disk
REN
Rename a file or files 内部命令
REPLACE
Replace or update one file with another
RD
Delete folder(s) 内部命令
RMTSHARE
Share a folder or a printer
ROBOCOPY
Robust File and Folder Copy
SHARE
List or edit a file share or print share
SHORTCUT
Create a windows shortcut (.LNK file)
SUBINACL
Edit file and folder Permissions, Ownership and Domain
TAKEOWN
Take ownership of a file
TOUCH
Change file timestamps
TREE
Graphical display of folder structure
TYPE
Display the contents of a text file 内部命令
WHERE
Locate and display files in a directory tree
WINDIFF
Compare the contents of two files or sets of files
XCACLS
Change file and folder permissions
XCOPY
Copy files and folders
Group Policy/Windows Installer
DevCon
Device Manager Command Line Utility
GPRESULT
Display Resultant Set of Policy information
GPUPDATE
Update Group Policy settings
MSIEXEC
Microsoft Windows Installer
PsInfo
List information about a system
PsShutdown
Shutdown or reboot a computer
REGSVR32
Register or unregister a DLL
SHUTDOWN
Shutdown the computer
SLMGR
Software Licensing Management (Vista/2008)
WUAUCLT
Windows Update
Networking
ARP
Address Resolution Protocol
BROWSTAT
Get domain, browser and PDC info
DNSSTAT
DNS Statistics
GETMAC
Display the Media Access Control (MAC) address
IPCONFIG
Configure IP
NET
Manage network resources
NETDOM
Domain Manager
NETSH
Configure Network Interfaces, Windows Firewall & Remote access
NBTSTAT
Display networking statistics (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)
NETSTAT
Display networking statistics (TCP/IP)
NMBIND
Manage Hyper-V network bindings
NSLOOKUP
Name server lookup
PATHPING
Trace route plus network latency and packet loss
PsPing
Measure network performance
PING
Test a network connection
ROUTE
Manipulate network routing tables
TRACERT
Trace route to a remote host
Processes
PATH
Display or set a search path for executable files 内部命令
PsExec
Execute process remotely
PsKill
Kill processes by name or process ID
PsList
List detailed information about processes
PsGetSid
Display the SID of a computer or a user
PsSuspend
Suspend processes
SCHTASKS
Schedule a command to run at a specific time
SYSMON
Monitor and log system activity to the Windows event log
TASKLIST
List running applications and services
TASKKILL
End a running process
TSKILL
End a running process
TLIST
Task list with full path
Printing
MODE
Configure a system device
PRINT
Print a text file
PRINTBRM
Print queue Backup/Recovery
RUNDLL32
Run a DLL command (add/remove print connections)
Recovery
BOOTREC
Repair or replace a partition boot sector (WinRE).
BCDBOOT
Create or repair a system partition.
BCDEDIT
Manage Boot Configuration Data.
WPEUTIL
Run commands during a Windows Preinstallation Environment (WinPE) session.
Registry
REG
Registry: Read, Set, Export, Delete keys and values
REGEDIT
Import or export registry settings
REGINI
Change Registry Permissions
Remote Desktop
CHANGE
Change Terminal Server Session properties
Query Process
Display processes (TS/Remote Desktop)
Query Session
Display all sessions (TS/Remote Desktop)
Query TermServer
List all servers (TS/Remote Desktop)
Query User
Display user sessions (TS/Remote Desktop)
MSTSC
Terminal Server Connection (Remote Desktop Protocol)
RASDIAL
Manage RAS connections
RASPHONE
Manage RAS connections
Reset Session
Delete a Remote Desktop Session
TSDISCON
Disconnect a Remote Desktop Session
WINRM
Windows Remote Management
WINRS
Windows Remote Shell
Services
CASPOL
Code Access Security Policy Tool.
PORTQRY
Display the status of ports and services
PsService
View and control services
SC
Service Control
System Information
CHANGEPK
Upgrade device Edition/Product Key
DATE
Display or set the date 内部命令
HELP
Online Help
LOGMAN
Manage Performance Monitor logs
MBSAcli
Baseline Security Analyzer
MSINFO32
System Information
NOW
Display the current Date and Time
NTRIGHTS
Edit user account rights
PsLogList
Event log records
SFC
System File Checker
SXSTRACE
Diagnose side-by-side problems.
SYSMON
Monitor and log system activity to the Windows event log
SYSTEMINFO
List system configuration
TIME
Display or set the system time 内部命令
TypePerf
Write performance data to a log file
VER
Display version information 内部命令
VERIFY
Verify that files have been saved 内部命令
WHOAMI
Output the current UserName and domain
User Administration
ADDUSERS
Add or list users to/from a CSV file
CERTREQ
Request certificate from a certification authority
CleanMgr
Automated cleanup of Temp files, recycle bin
CON2PRT
Connect or disconnect a Printer
CMDKEY
Manage stored usernames/passwords
DELPROF
Delete user profiles
DIRUSE
Display disk usage
LOGOFF
Log a user off
MOVEUSER
Move a user from one domain to another
MSG
Send a message
PERMS
Show permissions for a user
POWERCFG
Configure power settings
PsLoggedOn
Who's logged on (locally or via resource sharing)
PsPasswd
Change account password
SUBST
Associate a path with a drive letter
Commands marked • are Internal commands only available within the CMD shell.
All other commands (not marked with •) are external commands.
External commands may be used under the CMD shell, PowerShell, or directly from START-RUN.
参考资料与拓展阅读
Windows
2016-10-01
@echo off
echo Current Directory: %cd%
echo %date% , %time%
echo.
echo ================================================================================
echo.
echo %systemroot%
echo %windir%
echo.
echo ================================================================================
echo.
echo cmd.exe Path: %cmdcmdline%
: C:\windows\System32\cmd.exe
echo cmd.exe Extension Version: %cmdextversion%
echo %comspec%
: same with cmdcmdline
echo.
echo ================================================================================
echo.
echo %path%
echo %pathext%
: .COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC
echo.
echo ================================================================================
echo.
echo %os%
: Windows_NT
echo %number_of_processors%
echo %processor_architecture%
: AMD64
echo %processor_identifier%
echo %processor_level%
echo %processor_revision%
echo %random%
echo %prompt%
echo.
echo ================================================================================
echo.
echo %logonserver%
echo %userdomain% (hostname)
echo %computername%
echo.
echo ================================================================================
echo.
echo %username%
echo %userprofile%
echo %homedrive%
echo %homepath%
echo %temp%
echo %tmp%
echo %appdata%
Windows
2016-06-24
本地帐号和在线帐号
本地帐号切换到在线帐号
在线帐号切换到本地帐号
免密码登录
- 执行
netplwiz
命令
- CMD
- Ctrl + R
参考
Windows SSH 计算机网络
2016-06-24
Windows 主机上做一个代理,映射指定端口到另一台能访问到的主机上。
Windows CMD
2014-01-09
比如当前在 C 盘根目录,要切到 D 盘开发目录 Workspace 下。
以前的做法是:
D:
cd Workspace
今天发现了一个参数 /d
,可以直接切换过去:
cd /d D:\Workspace