相信做 Python 的都知道 Python 有一个内置的 HTTP Server，可能经常临时性使用一下。

今天，我在 https://til.simonwillison.net/python/stdlib-cli-tools 上了解到 Python 其实内置了不少小工具，可以了解一下，说不定可以用到。

HTTP 服务器

python -m http.server

Telnet 客户端

python -m telnetlib smtp.sendcloud.net 25

NNTP（网络新闻传输协议）

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_News_Transfer_Protocol

python -m nntplib
Group gmane.comp.python.general has 757312 articles, range 23546 to 848666
 848657 dn via Python-list   Re: isinstance()                           (64)
 848658 Chris Angelico v...  Re: isinstance()                           (57)
 848659 dn via Python-list   Re: isinstance()                           (84)
 848660 Chris Angelico v...  Re: isinstance()                           (11)
 848661 Grant Edwards vi...  Re: isinstance()                           (34)
 848662 Thomas Wouters v...  [RELEASE] Python 3.12.0 release candid...  (117)
 848663 "Peter J. Holzer...  Where is the error?                        (94)
 848664 dn via Python-list   Re: Where is the error?                    (58)
 848665 Cameron Simpson ...  Re: Where is the error?                    (43)
 848666 Barry via Python...  Re: Where is the error?                    (17)

日历

python -m calendar

json.tool

python -m json.tool --help
usage: python -m json.tool [-h] [--sort-keys] [--no-ensure-ascii] [--json-lines] [--indent INDENT | --tab | --no-indent | --compact] [infile] [outfile]

A simple command line interface for json module to validate and pretty-print JSON objects.

positional arguments:
  infile             a JSON file to be validated or pretty-printed
  outfile            write the output of infile to outfile

options:
  -h, --help         show this help message and exit
  --sort-keys        sort the output of dictionaries alphabetically by key
  --no-ensure-ascii  disable escaping of non-ASCII characters
  --json-lines       parse input using the JSON Lines format. Use with --no-indent or --compact to produce valid JSON Lines output.
  --indent INDENT    separate items with newlines and use this number of spaces for indentation
  --tab              separate items with newlines and use tabs for indentation
  --no-indent        separate items with spaces rather than newlines
  --compact          suppress all whitespace separation (most compact)

echo '{"foo": "bar", "baz": [1, 2, 3]}' | python -m json.tool
{
    "foo": "bar",
    "baz": [
        1,
        2,
        3
    ]
}

GZip 压缩

python -m gzip --help
usage: gzip.py [-h] [--fast | --best | -d] [file ...]

A simple command line interface for the gzip module: act like gzip, but do not delete the input file.

positional arguments:
  file

options:
  -h, --help        show this help message and exit
  --fast            compress faster
  --best            compress better
  -d, --decompress  act like gunzip instead of gzip

Base64

python -m base64 --help
option -h not recognized
usage: /usr/lib/python3.10/base64.py [-d|-e|-u|-t] [file|-]
        -d, -u: decode
        -e: encode (default)
        -t: encode and decode string 'Aladdin:open sesame'

UU 编码

Python 3.13 中移除。

python -m uu --help
Usage: uu.py [-d] [-t] [input [output]]

Options:
  -h, --help    show this help message and exit
  -d, --decode  Decode (instead of encode)?
  -t, --text    data is text, encoded format unix-compatible text?

AsyncIO REPL

python -m asyncio
asyncio REPL 3.10.6 (main, May 29 2023, 11:10:38) [GCC 11.3.0] on linux
Use "await" directly instead of "asyncio.run()".
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import asyncio
>>>

Python 语法相关

python -m tokenize --help
usage: python -m tokenize [-h] [-e] [filename.py]

positional arguments:
  filename.py  the file to tokenize; defaults to stdin

options:
  -h, --help   show this help message and exit
  -e, --exact  display token names using the exact type

python -m ast --help
usage: python -m ast [-h] [-m {exec,single,eval,func_type}] [--no-type-comments] [-a] [-i INDENT] [infile]

positional arguments:
  infile                the file to parse; defaults to stdin

options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -m {exec,single,eval,func_type}, --mode {exec,single,eval,func_type}
                        specify what kind of code must be parsed
  --no-type-comments    don't add information about type comments
  -a, --include-attributes
                        include attributes such as line numbers and column offsets
  -i INDENT, --indent INDENT
                        indentation of nodes (number of spaces)

其他

可以探索探索，找到更多小工具：

cd /usr/lib/python3.10/ && grep -Fral 'if **name** =' . | grep -ve 'test/' -e 'tests/'